🐶 Beagle Puppies for Sale
Beagles are one of the most beloved dog breeds in the United States, known for their playful personalities, strong sense of smell, and affectionate nature. Whether you’re looking for a 13-inch Beagle, a 15-inch Beagle, or a rare Pocket Beagle, finding a reputable breeder or adoption center is essential to ensure a healthy and happy puppy.
📌 Quick Answers: Everything You Need to Know About Buying a Beagle Puppy
| Question | Quick Answer |
|---|---|
| Where can I find Beagle puppies for sale? | AKC Marketplace, PuppySpot, Lancaster Puppies, Greenfield Puppies, and reputable breeders. |
| How much does a Beagle puppy cost? | $400–$3,000 depending on breeder, size, color, and lineage. |
| What health issues should I watch for? | Hip dysplasia, epilepsy, Musladin-Lueke Syndrome (MLS), obesity, and ear infections. |
| Are rare colors like lemon or blue Beagles worth more? | Yes, rare colors may cost more, but ethical breeding is more important than color. |
| What’s the difference between a 13-inch and 15-inch Beagle? | Size—13-inch Beagles weigh up to 20 lbs, while 15-inch Beagles weigh up to 30 lbs. |
| Should I adopt instead of buying? | Adoption is a great alternative, with Beagle rescues offering dogs at $50–$300. |
🐕 Why Are Beagles So Popular?
Beagles are loyal, intelligent, and full of energy, making them fantastic family pets. However, they are also stubborn and scent-driven, requiring proper training and exercise.
📊 Beagle Traits & Personality
| Trait | Description ✅ | Challenges ❌ |
|---|---|---|
| Size & Build 📏 | Small to medium-sized, muscular | Can be escape artists if not leashed or fenced |
| Temperament ❤️ | Friendly, affectionate, great with kids | Strong-willed, may be hard to train |
| Energy Level ⚡ | High energy, loves to play | Needs daily exercise & mental stimulation |
| Coat & Grooming 🖌️ | Short, easy-care coat | Sheds year-round, moderate maintenance |
| Health Risks 🏥 | Generally healthy but prone to obesity | Prone to ear infections & food allergies |
💡 Tip: Beagles have a strong sense of smell, meaning they tend to follow scents instead of commands. Training is essential to prevent wandering.
🏡 Where Can You Find Beagle Puppies for Sale?
📊 Comparing Beagle Puppy Sources
| Source | Pros ✅ | Cons ❌ |
|---|---|---|
| 🐾 AKC Marketplace | AKC-registered breeders, pedigree assurance | Higher prices ($800–$2,000+) |
| 🏆 PuppySpot | Pre-screened breeders, delivery options | Premium pricing ($1,000–$2,500) |
| 🐶 Lancaster Puppies | Budget-friendly ($400–$1,200) | Requires buyer verification for ethical breeding |
| 🛒 Greenfield Puppies | Family breeders, moderate pricing | Varying breeder quality, requires research |
| 🐕 Pocket Beagle Specialists | Focused on rare Pocket Beagles | Expensive ($1,200–$3,000) |
| ❤️ Shelters & Rescues | Lower cost ($50–$300), ethical | Puppies are rarer than adult Beagles |
💡 Tip: Always ask for health certifications and avoid breeders selling Beagles under $400, as these may come from unethical sources.
💰 How Much Does a Beagle Puppy Cost?
The price of a Beagle puppy varies depending on size, breeder reputation, health testing, and location.
📊 Beagle Puppy Price Breakdown
| Type | Price Range 💰 | Why the Price Difference? |
|---|---|---|
| Standard Beagle (13-inch or 15-inch) 🏡 | $400–$2,000 | Family breeders vs. professional show breeders |
| Pocket Beagle (Miniature) 🐾 | $1,200–$3,000 | Rare breeding, not AKC-recognized |
| Rare Colors (Blue, Lemon) 🎨 | $1,500–$3,000 | Higher demand but not healthier than standard colors |
| Adoption ❤️ | $50–$300 | Rescued Beagles, often adults |
💡 Tip: Low-cost Beagles ($400 or less) often come from backyard breeders or puppy mills—always verify health records before buying.
⚕️ What Health Issues Should You Watch for in Beagles?
While Beagles are generally healthy, responsible breeding helps prevent hereditary issues.
🩺 Common Beagle Health Concerns
| Condition | Risk Level 🚨 | Prevention & Screening 🛡️ |
|---|---|---|
| Hip Dysplasia 🦴 | Moderate | OFA-certified hip evaluations from breeders |
| Epilepsy 🧠 | Moderate | Ask for family health history |
| Musladin-Lueke Syndrome (MLS) 🏥 | Rare | DNA test required for ethical breeders |
| Ear Infections 👂 | High | Regular ear cleaning and check-ups |
| Obesity & Overeating 🍖 | High | Controlled diet & daily exercise |
💡 Tip: If buying from a breeder, request OFA (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals) hip, heart, and thyroid clearances.
🐶 Should You Buy or Adopt a Beagle?
Adoption is a great alternative if you are open to rescuing a Beagle in need.
📊 Buying vs. Adopting a Beagle
| Factor | Buying from Breeder 🏆 | Adopting from Rescue ❤️ |
|---|---|---|
| Cost 💰 | $400–$3,000 | $50–$300 |
| Predictability 📜 | Known lineage & health | May have unknown background |
| Age Options 🍼 | Mostly puppies | Primarily adults, some puppies available |
| Training & Socialization 🏡 | Breeder starts early training | Some rescues may need extra patience |
💡 Tip: Check The Beagle Alliance or Petfinder.com for available rescue Beagles near you.
🚨 How to Avoid Beagle Puppy Scams
Unfortunately, Beagle scams are common, with fake sellers offering cheap, too-good-to-be-true deals.
🛑 Red Flags to Watch for When Buying a Beagle
| Scam Sign 🚨 | Why It’s Suspicious |
|---|---|
| Prices Under $400 💸 | Ethical breeders cannot afford to sell Beagles this cheap |
| No Health Testing Provided 🏥 | Good breeders always have genetic screening proof |
| Refuses Video Calls or Visits 🎥 | Likely using stolen photos from real breeders |
| Only Accepts Wire Transfers 💰 | Always use secure payment options |
💡 Tip: If a breeder pressures you to “buy now or lose the puppy,” it’s likely a scam.
💬 Expert Responses to Your Questions
Comment 1: “Why does my Beagle howl so much?”
Beagles have a natural instinct to howl, inherited from their hunting-dog ancestry. Their strong sense of smell and tracking abilities make them prone to howling, barking, or baying when they pick up a scent or hear an unfamiliar noise.
🐾 Common Reasons Beagles Howl & How to Manage It
| Cause 🚨 | Why It Happens 🧐 | Best Solution ✅ |
|---|---|---|
| Hunting Instinct 🎯 | Beagles were bred to track and alert hunters | Train with “quiet” commands & reward-based reinforcement |
| Loneliness or Separation Anxiety 😢 | Beagles are social and dislike being alone | Use interactive toys & gradual alone-time training |
| Attention-Seeking 📣 | If they want food, playtime, or affection | Ignore excessive howling until they stop, then reward silence |
| Response to Noises 🔊 | Sirens, doorbells, or other dogs howling | Desensitize by playing sounds at low volumes and rewarding calm behavior |
| Boredom or Lack of Stimulation 🎾 | Beagles need daily exercise & mental engagement | Provide regular walks, scent games, and puzzle toys |
💡 Tip: If howling suddenly increases, consider changes in their environment, health, or daily routine.
Comment 2: “Why does my Beagle dig in the yard all the time?”
Beagles have an innate tendency to dig, often due to their hunting roots, boredom, or an attempt to cool down.
🕳️ Reasons Beagles Dig & How to Prevent It
| Trigger 🚨 | Why It Happens 🧐 | Best Solution ✅ |
|---|---|---|
| Scent Tracking 👃 | Digging after a smell underground | Redirect their focus with engaging toys & walks |
| Boredom & Lack of Exercise ⚡ | Unspent energy leads to destructive digging | Increase mental stimulation & daily activities |
| Seeking Comfort from Heat ☀️ | Digging cool dirt to lie in | Provide shaded rest areas & cooling mats |
| Escape Attempt 🚪 | Digging under fences to explore | Secure fence base with buried mesh or concrete |
| Hiding Toys or Food 🦴 | Instinct to store valuable resources | Offer designated digging spots (sandbox method) |
💡 Tip: Beagles love to follow their noses—burying treats in a designated digging area can help satisfy their instincts.
Comment 3: “Why does my Beagle eat so fast?”
Beagles are notorious for gulping down food, often due to their strong food motivation and history as pack hunters. Eating too quickly can lead to choking, vomiting, and bloating.
🍖 Why Beagles Eat Fast & How to Slow Them Down
| Reason 🚨 | Why It Happens 🧐 | Best Solution ✅ |
|---|---|---|
| Pack Mentality 🐕 | Instinct to eat quickly to avoid losing food | Feed in a quiet space, away from other pets |
| Hunger & High Food Drive 🥩 | Beagles always act like they’re starving | Stick to scheduled meal times & proper portions |
| Lack of Chewing Habit 🦷 | Swallowing whole instead of chewing | Use a slow-feeder bowl or puzzle feeder |
| Excitement at Mealtime 🎉 | Anticipation leads to rapid eating | Train with calm feeding routines |
| Competition with Other Pets 🐾 | Beagles may eat fast to prevent sharing | Feed in separate areas to reduce anxiety |
💡 Tip: A slow-feeder bowl can reduce eating speed by 5x, improving digestion and preventing bloating.
Comment 4: “Why does my Beagle always try to escape?”
Beagles are natural explorers, and their powerful noses drive them to follow scents—even if that means escaping from the yard or leash.
🚪 Why Beagles Try to Escape & How to Prevent It
| Cause 🚨 | Signs to Watch For 🧐 | Best Prevention ✅ |
|---|---|---|
| Strong Scent Drive 👃 | Easily distracted by new smells | Train strong recall commands & leash skills |
| Lack of Mental Stimulation 🧠 | Boredom leads to wandering behavior | Provide daily scent games & long walks |
| Weak Fencing or Gaps 🏡 | Digging under or climbing over fences | Reinforce fence bases & use taller barriers |
| Curiosity & Adventure-Seeking 🏕️ | Beagles love to explore beyond their yard | Keep on-leash or in a securely enclosed area |
| Separation Anxiety 😢 | Trying to find their owner when left alone | Gradual independence training & interactive toys |
💡 Tip: Always use a harness and GPS collar if your Beagle has a habit of escaping.
Comment 5: “Why does my Beagle smell bad even after a bath?”
Beagles have a natural “hound scent”, which can become stronger due to skin oils, ear infections, or poor diet.
🧼 Reasons Beagles Smell & How to Fix It
| Source 🚨 | Signs to Watch For 🧐 | Best Solution ✅ |
|---|---|---|
| Oily Skin & Coat 🦴 | Greasy fur, dirt sticking to coat | Bathe with a mild, hypoallergenic dog shampoo |
| Ear Infections 👂 | Foul-smelling discharge, head shaking | Clean ears weekly with vet-approved solution |
| Bad Breath & Dental Issues 🦷 | Tartar buildup, drooling | Brush teeth daily & provide dental chews |
| Poor Diet 🍖 | Low-quality food can affect skin and breath | Feed a high-protein, grain-free diet |
| Anal Gland Issues 💨 | Scooting, licking rear | Have anal glands checked & expressed if necessary |
💡 Tip: Beagles should not be over-bathed—too much washing strips natural oils, making odors worse.
Comment 6: “Why is my Beagle so stubborn?”
Beagles are independent thinkers, originally bred to hunt without relying on human direction. This makes them strong-willed but trainable with the right approach.
🐕 Why Beagles Can Be Stubborn & How to Improve Training
| Reason 🚨 | Signs to Watch For 🧐 | Best Training Approach ✅ |
|---|---|---|
| Scent Distractions 👃 | Ignoring commands when sniffing | Train in low-distraction environments first |
| Food-Driven Focus 🍖 | Prioritizes treats over obedience | Use high-value rewards & vary training methods |
| Pack Leader Confusion 🏆 | Tests boundaries with owner | Be consistent & confident in commands |
| Short Attention Span ⏳ | Gets bored quickly during training | Keep sessions under 10 minutes & engaging |
| Reinforced Bad Habits 🔄 | Learns stubbornness works | Ignore undesired behaviors & only reward good ones |
💡 Tip: Beagles respond best to positive reinforcement—never use harsh discipline, as it can backfire.
Comment 7: “Why does my Beagle constantly chew on things?”
Beagles are natural chewers, driven by teething, boredom, anxiety, or hunting instincts. Their strong jaws and curious nature make them prone to gnawing on furniture, shoes, and anything within reach.
🦷 Common Reasons Beagles Chew & How to Prevent Destructive Behavior
| Cause 🚨 | Signs to Watch For 🧐 | Best Solution ✅ |
|---|---|---|
| Teething in Puppies 🍼 | Excessive chewing, sore gums, drooling | Provide frozen teething toys or wet washcloths |
| Boredom & Lack of Stimulation 🎾 | Chews on everything when alone | Increase exercise, puzzle toys, and mental challenges |
| Separation Anxiety 😢 | Destructive chewing when left alone | Use interactive toys, slow desensitization, and calming aids |
| Scent & Taste Curiosity 👃 | Chews household items with interesting smells | Keep tempting objects out of reach & use bitter spray deterrents |
| Lack of Proper Training 🚫 | Doesn’t know what’s okay to chew | Redirect to chew-approved toys & reward positive choices |
💡 Tip: If your Beagle is an aggressive chewer, opt for durable, non-toxic chew toys like rubber KONGs or antlers to satisfy their chewing needs safely.
Comment 8: “Why does my Beagle ignore my commands when outside?”
Beagles are not being disobedient on purpose—they are scent-driven hounds, meaning their noses often override verbal commands. They become so focused on a smell that they tune everything else out.
🐕 Why Beagles Struggle With Outdoor Recall & How to Improve Training
| Obstacle 🚨 | Why It Happens 🧐 | Best Training Approach ✅ |
|---|---|---|
| Strong Scent Distraction 👃 | Beagles have 220 million scent receptors (humans have 5 million) | Use scent-based training with treats to reinforce recall |
| Independent Thinking 🏕️ | Bred to track game without needing handler guidance | Train with a long lead before off-leash attempts |
| Excitement & Overstimulation 🎉 | New sights and smells override obedience | Start training in controlled, distraction-free environments |
| Inconsistent Training ❌ | Recall isn’t reinforced in all settings | Use high-value rewards & train in multiple locations |
| Lack of Early Socialization 🐶 | If not trained young, recall becomes harder | Start recall work as early as possible (8+ weeks old) |
💡 Tip: Beagles should never be off-leash in open areas unless they have a secure, fenced-in environment—their noses will lead them far away!
Comment 9: “Why does my Beagle seem obsessed with food?”
Beagles are notorious food lovers, often acting as if they haven’t eaten in days—even right after a meal. This behavior is rooted in their genetics and metabolism, making them prone to overeating and obesity if not properly managed.
🍖 Why Beagles Are Food-Obsessed & How to Control Overeating
| Reason 🚨 | Why It Happens 🧐 | Best Prevention ✅ |
|---|---|---|
| Survival Instinct 🏹 | Historically, Beagles had to eat when food was available | Stick to strict feeding schedules & portion control |
| High Metabolism 🔥 | Active Beagles burn energy fast | Use nutrient-dense food to satisfy hunger longer |
| Food-Driven Training 📖 | Their eagerness for food makes them great at learning | Use healthy training treats, not excessive rewards |
| Begging & Table Scraps 🏡 | Beagles quickly learn to manipulate owners for snacks | Avoid reinforcing begging behavior—no human food! |
| Genetic Tendency for Obesity ⚠️ | Beagles are prone to weight gain | Provide regular exercise & vet-approved calorie intake |
💡 Tip: Use puzzle feeders or snuffle mats to slow down eating and provide mental stimulation during meals.
Comment 10: “Why does my Beagle get zoomies at night?”
Beagle “zoomies” (or FRAPs: Frenetic Random Activity Periods) are bursts of intense energy, often occurring after naps, in the evening, or following a bath.
⚡ Why Beagles Get Zoomies & How to Manage Energy Levels
| Trigger 🚨 | Signs to Watch For 🧐 | Best Solution ✅ |
|---|---|---|
| Excess Energy Left Unused ⚡ | Sprinting, jumping, wild running | Ensure daily exercise (45+ minutes of activity) |
| Excitement Release 🎉 | Happens after bath time, playtime, or before bed | Give a calm-down period before bedtime |
| Stress Relief 🧘♂️ | A way to shake off tension or overstimulation | Provide chew toys or calming activities |
| Playtime Demand 🎾 | Running in circles, playful barking | Offer interactive play sessions before settling down |
| Post-Nap Hyperactivity 😴 | Common after long naps | Avoid long naps right before bedtime |
💡 Tip: If zoomies become excessive or cause destructive behavior, make sure your Beagle is getting enough structured exercise and mental stimulation throughout the day.
Comment 11: “Why does my Beagle snore so loudly?”
Snoring in Beagles is common due to their short nasal passages and relaxed throat muscles, especially when sleeping in certain positions.
💤 Understanding Beagle Snoring & How to Reduce It
| Cause 🚨 | Why It Happens 🧐 | Best Prevention ✅ |
|---|---|---|
| Nasal Structure 👃 | Beagles have narrow airways that vibrate during sleep | Encourage side sleeping for better airflow |
| Obesity & Neck Fat ⚖️ | Extra weight restricts breathing | Maintain a healthy weight with portion control |
| Allergies or Respiratory Issues 🌿 | Dust, pollen, or household irritants | Use air purifiers & wash bedding regularly |
| Sleeping Position 🛏️ | Lying on their back worsens snoring | Provide a supportive, elevated dog bed |
| Cold or Dry Air ❄️ | Dryness can cause throat irritation | Use a humidifier to keep the air moist |
💡 Tip: If snoring suddenly worsens or is accompanied by gasping, difficulty breathing, or choking sounds, consult a vet for possible airway issues.
Comment 12: “Why does my Beagle roll in smelly things outside?”
Beagles love rolling in grass, mud, or even worse—dead animals and poop. This behavior is an instinctual habit carried over from their hunting dog ancestors.
🤢 Why Beagles Roll in Smelly Things & How to Stop It
| Reason 🚨 | Why It Happens 🧐 | Best Prevention ✅ |
|---|---|---|
| Masking Their Scent 🐺 | Ancient survival instinct for hunting dogs | Train a “leave it” or “come” command to redirect |
| Marking Territory 🚩 | Rolling leaves their scent on the area | Keep your Beagle on-leash in unknown places |
| Pure Enjoyment & Playfulness 😆 | Some Beagles simply love doing it! | Reward clean behaviors and distract with toys |
| Attention-Seeking 📣 | Rolling gets a strong reaction from owners | Stay calm & neutral when redirecting behavior |
💡 Tip: If your Beagle is constantly rolling in disgusting things, try adding more scent-based games (like hiding treats in the yard) to satisfy their natural instincts in a cleaner way.
Comment 13: “Why does my Beagle follow me everywhere?”
Beagles are pack-oriented dogs, bred for hunting in groups, which makes them highly attached to their owners. They rely on companionship, routine, and social interaction, leading them to follow you from room to room.
🐾 Reasons Your Beagle Follows You & How to Encourage Independence
| Reason 🚨 | Why It Happens 🧐 | Best Approach ✅ |
|---|---|---|
| Pack Instinct 🐕 | Beagles naturally stay close to their “pack” | Accept their social nature & provide companionship |
| Curiosity & FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) 👀 | They want to know what you’re doing at all times | Provide engaging toys to keep them occupied |
| Seeking Attention & Affection ❤️ | They crave interaction and validation | Offer scheduled bonding time to reinforce confidence |
| Separation Anxiety 😢 | Fear of being left alone leads to clingy behavior | Gradually train them to be comfortable with alone time |
| Routine & Food Expectations 🍖 | Beagles are food-driven and may expect treats | Avoid rewarding excessive following with treats |
💡 Tip: If following behavior becomes obsessive, consider crate training or controlled separation exercises to build confidence.
Comment 14: “Why does my Beagle sleep so much?”
Beagles sleep 12–14 hours per day on average, with puppies and seniors needing even more rest. Their energy bursts during playtime require recovery through deep sleep cycles.
💤 Understanding Beagle Sleep Patterns & When to Be Concerned
| Factor 🚨 | Normal or Concerning? ❓ | Best Solution ✅ |
|---|---|---|
| Puppies (0–6 months) 🍼 | Sleep 16–18 hours a day | Allow plenty of quiet rest |
| Adult Beagles (1–7 years) 🐕 | Sleep 12–14 hours daily, naps between activities | Ensure adequate exercise & mental stimulation |
| Senior Beagles (7+ years) 👴 | Sleep more due to aging metabolism | Provide comfortable orthopedic bedding |
| Lethargy & Unusual Sleep 🚨 | Extreme tiredness, refusing to play | Vet check for underlying health issues (thyroid, anemia, infections) |
💡 Tip: Beagles burn energy quickly during active play, leading to longer naps and deep sleep sessions throughout the day.
Comment 15: “Why does my Beagle bark so much?”
Beagles are naturally vocal due to their hunting heritage. They bark, bay, and howl as a way to communicate, alert, or express excitement.
🗣️ Common Beagle Barking Triggers & Training Solutions
| Trigger 🚨 | Why It Happens 🧐 | How to Reduce It ✅ |
|---|---|---|
| Alert Barking 🚪 | Reacts to doorbells, strangers, or new noises | Teach “quiet” command with rewards |
| Loneliness or Boredom 😞 | Excess barking when left alone | Provide mental stimulation & interactive toys |
| Excitement Barking 🎾 | Happiest when greeting people or before playtime | Ignore barking & reward calm behavior |
| Scent Detection Mode 👃 | Following a strong scent leads to howling | Redirect focus with scent-based games |
| Attention-Seeking 📣 | Barking when ignored or left unattended | Reinforce positive behavior and structured interaction |
💡 Tip: Training a Beagle to stop barking requires patience, consistency, and rewarding quiet behavior rather than responding to noise.
Comment 16: “Why does my Beagle steal food from the table?”
Beagles have an extraordinary sense of smell, making them skilled food thieves. Their hunting ancestry and food-driven personalities drive them to snatch unattended meals.
🍽️ Why Beagles Steal Food & How to Stop It
| Reason 🚨 | Why It Happens 🧐 | Best Prevention ✅ |
|---|---|---|
| Strong Food Motivation 🍖 | Beagles always act hungry | Feed on a strict schedule with balanced meals |
| Opportunistic Instinct 🏹 | Sees food as a “hunting reward” | Keep food out of reach & use “leave it” command |
| Table Scraps Reinforcement 🚫 | Learning that begging results in rewards | Never feed from the table—only use their own bowl |
| Lack of Training & Boundaries 🚷 | No clear limits on kitchen access | Use consistent crate or boundary training |
💡 Tip: Beagles should never be given human food directly from the table—this reinforces bad habits that are hard to break.
Comment 17: “Why does my Beagle get carsick?”
Motion sickness in Beagles is common in puppies due to inner ear development. Some outgrow it with time, while others need conditioning or treatment.
🚗 Causes of Beagle Motion Sickness & Solutions
| Cause 🚨 | Symptoms 🧐 | Best Prevention & Treatment ✅ |
|---|---|---|
| Inner Ear Imbalance 🔄 | Nausea, drooling, whining in car | Gradually introduce short, positive car rides |
| Anxiety & Stress 😟 | Shaking, refusal to enter car | Use calming aids (soft music, pheromones) |
| Poor Ventilation 🌬️ | Panting, excessive drooling | Keep windows slightly open for airflow |
| Full Stomach Before Trip 🍽️ | Vomiting during motion | Feed 2+ hours before travel, not right before |
💡 Tip: If car sickness persists, ask your vet about Cerenia or Dramamine for motion relief.
Comment 18: “Why does my Beagle refuse to go outside in the rain?”
Many Beagles dislike wet conditions because of their sensitive noses and fur texture, which doesn’t repel water well.
🌧️ Why Beagles Avoid Rain & How to Encourage Outdoor Walks
| Reason 🚨 | Why It Happens 🧐 | Best Solution ✅ |
|---|---|---|
| Discomfort with Wet Fur 💦 | Water makes them cold & uncomfortable | Use a lightweight raincoat for protection |
| Sensitive Nose 👃 | Rain changes how scents are detected | Take shorter walks in drizzle, avoiding heavy downpours |
| Paw Sensitivity 🐾 | Wet grass & puddles feel strange | Try dog boots or wipe paws after walks |
| Bad Past Experiences 🚫 | If forced outside, may associate rain with stress | Use positive reinforcement & rain-friendly treats |
💡 Tip: Walking during lighter rain or after storms can help Beagles adjust to wet conditions without resistance.
