🐾 Your Dog’s First Vet Visit: What to Expect, Costs, and Expert Tips

Bringing your dog to the vet for the first time is an essential step in ensuring their health and well-being. This visit is about more than just vaccinations—it’s an opportunity to establish a care plan, check for any potential health issues, and get expert advice on nutrition and behavior. However, understanding the costs associated with the first vet visit can be confusing for new dog owners. This comprehensive guide will answer your questions and help you prepare financially for your dog’s initial checkup.

Key Takeaways: Quick Answers to Common Questions

How much will my dog’s first vet visit cost? On average, expect to pay between $75 and $150.
What services are included in the first vet visit? A physical exam, vaccinations, parasite screening, and sometimes bloodwork.
Can I reduce costs? Yes, through wellness packages, low-cost clinics, or pet insurance.
What should I bring to the first visit? Medical records, stool sample, and a list of questions for your vet.
Are follow-up visits necessary? Yes, especially for booster shots and routine health checks.
When should I schedule the first vet visit? Ideally within the first week of bringing your dog home, especially for puppies.

1. How Much Will My Dog’s First Vet Visit Cost? 💵

The cost of your dog’s first vet visit can vary depending on the location, type of clinic, and services required. Typically, a basic first visit, which includes a physical exam, initial vaccinations, and parasite screening, will cost between $75 and $150. Here’s a breakdown of the most common charges:

Service	Average Cost	💡 Tip
Physical Exam	$50–$70	Ask if this includes a weight check and overall health assessment.
Vaccinations (core vaccines)	$20–$40 per vaccine	Puppies may need multiple shots, including boosters.
Fecal Exam (parasite screening)	$25–$45	Ensure you bring a fresh stool sample to save time.
Deworming (if necessary)	$20–$50	Common for puppies and rescue dogs.

💡 Pro Tip: Some clinics offer first-time pet owner packages that bundle services at a discounted rate. It’s worth calling ahead to ask about these options.

2. What Services Are Typically Included in a Dog’s First Vet Visit? 🏥

During your dog’s first vet visit, the veterinarian will perform a series of health checks and administer necessary treatments. Here’s what you can expect:

Comprehensive Physical Exam: The vet will examine your dog’s overall health, checking their eyes, ears, teeth, skin, coat, and joints. They’ll also listen to your dog’s heart and lungs to ensure everything is functioning normally. If your dog is a puppy, they’ll check that growth and development are on track.
Vaccinations: Puppies and dogs new to veterinary care will need their core vaccinations, which typically include:
- DHPP (distemper, hepatitis, parvovirus, parainfluenza)
- Rabies (required by law in most places)
Fecal Exam: Your vet will check for parasites, such as roundworms, hookworms, or giardia, by analyzing a stool sample. Parasites are common in puppies and rescue dogs, so this is an important part of the first visit.
Deworming: If your dog tests positive for parasites, the vet will prescribe a deworming treatment. This is a simple and effective way to eliminate internal parasites.
Nutrition and Care Discussion: The vet will give advice on diet, exercise, grooming, and any behavioral concerns. This is the perfect time to ask about feeding schedules, crate training, or puppy socialization.

First Visit Service	Description	💡 Tip
Physical Exam	Full body check, weight, and developmental assessment	Ask about any specific concerns, like joint or dental health.
Vaccinations	DHPP, rabies, and potentially bordetella or leptospirosis	Follow the vet’s recommended schedule for boosters.
Fecal Exam	Tests for intestinal parasites	Always bring a fresh stool sample to the appointment.

💡 Pro Tip: Write down a list of questions before the appointment so you don’t forget to ask about diet, exercise, or behavioral issues.

3. Can I Reduce the Cost of My Dog’s First Vet Visit? 💡

Yes, there are several ways to reduce the cost of your dog’s first vet visit:

Wellness Packages: Many veterinary clinics offer wellness plans that bundle together services like exams, vaccinations, and deworming at a discounted price. These packages can be particularly useful for new puppies, as they often need frequent visits for boosters and growth checkups.
Low-Cost Clinics: Organizations like the ASPCA, Humane Society, or Petco’s Vetco Clinics offer affordable basic veterinary services, such as vaccinations and exams. These clinics may not provide full services but are ideal for keeping costs down while covering the essentials.
Pet Insurance: Signing up for pet insurance early can help cover unexpected costs down the road. Some insurance plans even cover the cost of vaccinations, exams, and preventive treatments. Look into plans that offer wellness coverage to save on routine care.
Veterinary Schools: If you live near a university with a veterinary program, the teaching hospitals often provide care at a lower rate. The services are supervised by experienced vets, making this a budget-friendly and reliable option.

Cost Reduction Option	Description	💡 Tip
Wellness Packages	Bundled services at a discounted rate	Ask about puppy-specific plans for ongoing care.
Low-Cost Clinics	Basic services like vaccinations at reduced prices	Ideal for routine care but may not cover specialized treatments.
Pet Insurance	Helps cover future costs of vet care	Consider adding a wellness package for routine checkups.

💡 Pro Tip: Explore pet insurance while your dog is still young and healthy to avoid exclusions for pre-existing conditions later.

4. What Should I Bring to My Dog’s First Vet Visit? 📝

To ensure the first vet visit goes smoothly, be prepared with the following items:

Medical Records: If your dog has had previous vet care or vaccinations (especially common with rescue dogs), bring any available records. This helps the vet avoid unnecessary vaccines or treatments.
Stool Sample: For parasite screening, bring a fresh stool sample. Collect it on the day of the appointment and store it in a sealed bag.
List of Questions: This is your opportunity to ask the vet about any concerns you have regarding your dog’s behavior, diet, or overall care. Make a list of questions so you don’t forget anything important.
Comfort Items: If your dog is nervous, bring along a favorite toy or blanket. This can help ease their anxiety during the exam.

What to Bring	Why It’s Important	💡 Tip
Medical Records	Helps the vet track previous vaccinations and treatments	If you’ve adopted, ask the rescue for any available records.
Stool Sample	Allows for parasite screening	Collect on the day of the appointment to keep it fresh.
List of Questions	Ensures all your concerns are addressed	Include questions about diet, vaccinations, and behavior.

💡 Pro Tip: If your dog is anxious, call the vet ahead of time to ask if they offer a fear-free environment or if you can wait in the car to minimize stress.

5. Are Follow-Up Vet Visits Necessary After the First Appointment? 🗓️

Yes, follow-up visits are crucial, especially for puppies, who require a series of booster vaccinations over the first few months of life. These appointments typically occur every 3–4 weeks until the puppy is about 16 weeks old. The follow-up visits allow the vet to ensure your dog is properly immunized against dangerous diseases like parvovirus, distemper, and rabies.

Even for adult dogs, regular vet visits are recommended to monitor their health, update vaccinations, and perform routine screenings for conditions that can develop as they age. After the first year, most dogs benefit from annual wellness exams.

Follow-Up Service	Frequency	💡 Tip
Booster Vaccinations	Every 3–4 weeks until 16 weeks old	Schedule multiple visits in advance to stay on track.
Annual Wellness Exam	Once per year	Helps catch any potential health issues early.
Dental Exams	As needed	Ask your vet about preventive dental care during the first visit.

💡 Pro Tip: Regular wellness exams are vital even for healthy adult dogs. They help catch early signs of disease and keep vaccinations up to date.

Final Thoughts: Planning for Your Dog’s First Vet Visit 🐶💉

Your dog’s first vet visit is an essential step in establishing their long-term health. While the costs may seem high initially, taking preventive measures through vaccinations and routine exams can save money on emergency treatments later on. With proper preparation and an understanding of the typical costs, you can ensure your dog receives the best care possible from the start.

Quick Recap: Key Factors for Your Dog’s First Vet Visit

Cost: Expect to pay between $75–$150 depending on services.
Services: Physical exam, vaccinations, and parasite screening are common.
Cost Reduction: Look into wellness packages, low-cost clinics, and pet insurance.
What to Bring: Medical records, stool sample, and a list of questions.
Follow-Up: Schedule booster shots and regular wellness visits for optimal health.

With these insights, you’re now ready to ensure a smooth, stress-free, and informative first vet visit for your furry companion! 🐕

Comment 1: “I’m adopting a rescue puppy. Will the first vet visit be different from a breeder-purchased puppy, and should I expect additional costs?”

Expert Answer: Adopting a rescue puppy often means their background, medical history, and early care might be less clear compared to a breeder-purchased puppy. While the first vet visit will cover many of the same essentials—vaccinations, physical exams, and parasite screenings—there are some key differences and potential additional costs to consider with a rescue puppy.

Unknown History: Many rescue puppies may not come with complete medical records, especially if they were found as strays or came from less monitored environments. This means your vet might need to perform more comprehensive checks, including testing for diseases like parvovirus or distemper, as these can be more common in rescue puppies.
Parasite Control: Rescue puppies are often more prone to internal and external parasites like worms, fleas, and ticks due to time spent outdoors or in close quarters with other animals. Expect the vet to recommend a fecal test and potentially deworming treatments or flea/tick prevention right away, which may add to the cost.
Vaccination Catch-Up: Some rescues provide basic vaccinations before adoption, but it’s important to confirm exactly what your puppy has received. If the vaccine history is incomplete, the vet may start a full vaccination series, which could include core vaccines (like DHPP) and possibly rabies, depending on the age of the puppy. This can add to your visit costs, as multiple boosters may be necessary in the following weeks.
Health Screenings: Depending on the puppy’s condition and age, the vet may recommend additional screenings for common issues seen in rescue animals, such as respiratory infections, skin conditions, or nutritional deficiencies from poor care. These assessments, though vital, can sometimes increase the overall cost of the visit.

While there may be extra costs involved, starting with a thorough first vet visit will set your rescue puppy up for long-term health. Many vets are also familiar with the challenges rescue puppies face and might offer discounts or suggest wellness packages specifically designed for rescue pets.

💡 Pro Tip: If you don’t have complete vaccination records from the rescue, bring any paperwork you received to the vet. They’ll know how to proceed to ensure your puppy is fully protected.

Comment 2: “I’ve heard that vets sometimes recommend extra tests during the first visit. Are these necessary, or just optional?”

Expert Answer: During the first vet visit, your veterinarian might recommend additional tests beyond the basic exam and vaccinations, particularly if your dog shows any signs of illness or has an unclear medical history. While some of these tests are optional, many are essential for getting a full picture of your dog’s health, especially if there are concerns that might not be visible right away. Here’s a breakdown of common extra tests and whether they’re worth considering:

Fecal Exam: While some may consider this optional, we recommend it as a necessary test, especially for puppies or newly adopted dogs. A fecal exam detects intestinal parasites like roundworms or hookworms, which can cause diarrhea, poor growth, or more severe health issues if left untreated. It’s a simple, non-invasive test that can save you and your dog a lot of trouble down the road.
Heartworm Test: If your dog is older than 6 months, a heartworm test is often recommended. This test checks for heartworms, a potentially deadly parasite spread by mosquitoes. Though puppies younger than 6 months don’t typically need this test, it’s crucial for older dogs, especially in areas where heartworm is prevalent. Early detection can prevent serious heart issues later on, so while it might seem optional, it’s a smart investment in your dog’s health.
Bloodwork: Blood tests may be suggested, particularly for older dogs or if the vet suspects underlying health issues like anemia, infections, or organ dysfunction. For a healthy puppy, routine bloodwork might not be necessary unless the vet sees specific concerns. However, if your dog shows symptoms like lethargy, vomiting, or unusual behavior, bloodwork can help identify problems early.
X-rays or Imaging: Occasionally, vets might recommend imaging if they suspect skeletal issues, congenital conditions, or abnormalities in development. For most puppies, this is not common unless there’s a reason to suspect something more serious. For adult dogs, it can be crucial if there are mobility concerns or suspected internal issues.

While some of these tests are recommended based on your dog’s specific situation, it’s always good to discuss each one with your vet. Ask why they recommend a test, what they hope to find, and whether it’s urgent or could wait for a follow-up visit. Vets are there to give you the best advice, but understanding the purpose of each test helps you make informed decisions.

💡 Pro Tip: Always ask your vet to explain the purpose of additional tests. If budget is a concern, inquire if any tests can be postponed or prioritized based on your dog’s immediate health needs.

Comment 3: “Should I get pet insurance before my dog’s first vet visit, or can it wait until later?”

Expert Answer: It’s a great idea to consider pet insurance before your dog’s first vet visit, especially if you’re adopting a puppy or a dog with an unknown medical history. Here’s why:

Pre-Existing Conditions: Most pet insurance policies won’t cover pre-existing conditions, which are any illnesses or health issues diagnosed before you purchase the policy. By getting insurance before your dog’s first vet visit, you can ensure that any conditions discovered during the exam will be covered. This includes common concerns like allergies, digestive issues, or orthopedic problems.
Routine Care: Many pet insurance plans now offer wellness packages that cover the cost of routine care, such as vaccinations, spay/neuter procedures, and parasite prevention. While standard accident and illness coverage won’t include routine vet visits, wellness add-ons can help offset these costs, especially during your dog’s first year when frequent checkups are needed.
Accidents and Emergencies: Puppies, in particular, are prone to accidents as they explore the world around them. From swallowing something they shouldn’t to unexpected injuries, having insurance in place early on can save you from unexpected vet bills. Emergency vet care can be costly, and insurance helps cover the high costs associated with surgery, hospitalization, or diagnostic tests.
Lower Premiums: The younger your dog is, the lower your monthly premiums will generally be. By insuring your dog as a puppy, you lock in lower rates and prevent issues from being excluded from coverage as your dog ages.

While it’s possible to wait to purchase insurance, starting early ensures broader coverage and may protect you from hefty bills if any health concerns arise during the first visit.

💡 Pro Tip: When comparing pet insurance plans, look for policies that offer wellness care add-ons to help with routine vet visits, vaccines, and preventative care. This is especially valuable for first-year puppies who need regular care.

Comment 4: “My vet suggested dental care for my puppy. Should I really start worrying about dental care so early?”

Expert Answer: Yes, starting dental care early is incredibly important for your puppy’s long-term health. Even though dental problems might not seem urgent during the first few months of your puppy’s life, getting into the habit of regular care can prevent more serious health issues as they age. Here’s why early dental care matters:

Preventing Dental Disease: Periodontal disease is one of the most common health issues in adult dogs, and it often begins with plaque buildup during puppyhood. Regular brushing, along with professional dental cleanings as needed, can prevent plaque from hardening into tartar, which leads to gum inflammation, infection, and even tooth loss.
Training Your Puppy: Starting dental care while your puppy is young helps them become accustomed to having their mouth handled, making it much easier to brush their teeth regularly as they grow. Introducing a toothbrush or finger brush early on creates a positive association with oral care.
Diet and Chew Toys: Along with brushing, certain types of dental chews or specially formulated kibble can help clean your puppy’s teeth as they chew. These chews encourage natural cleaning and help prevent plaque buildup between brushings.
Preventing Health Issues: Poor dental hygiene doesn’t just affect your dog’s mouth—it can lead to more serious conditions, such as kidney, liver, or heart disease, as bacteria from infected gums can enter the bloodstream. By establishing a good dental care routine early, you can help prevent these long-term health issues.

Although puppies may not need professional dental cleanings right away, the vet’s suggestion to start dental care early is about setting up lifelong habits. Regular brushing, appropriate chew toys, and routine vet checkups can help maintain your dog’s dental health well into adulthood.

💡 Pro Tip: Use puppy-friendly toothpaste (never human toothpaste) and start by gently brushing your puppy’s teeth a few times a week. Make it a positive experience by offering a treat afterward, so they begin to enjoy the routine.

Comment 5: “My dog is nervous about car rides. How can I make the trip to the vet less stressful?”

Expert Answer: Many dogs feel anxious about car rides, but with the right preparation, you can help reduce their stress and make the trip to the vet a smoother experience. Here are a few strategies to ease your dog’s anxiety:

Desensitization: Gradually introduce your dog to the car before any vet trips. Start by letting them sit in the car with the engine off, and reward them with treats and praise. Over time, take short, non-vet-related drives to fun destinations like the park to help your dog associate car rides with positive experiences.
Comfortable Space: Ensure your dog’s travel space is comfortable. Some dogs feel more secure in a crate or pet seatbelt, while others might prefer to sit on a back seat with a blanket or cushion. If your dog is used to a crate, using it during car rides can provide a familiar and calming environment.
Calming Products: Consider using natural calming aids like pheromone sprays (such as Feliway for dogs) or calming chews that contain ingredients like L-theanine or valerian root. These products can help reduce anxiety during the ride.
Limit Food Before the Trip: Some dogs get motion sickness, which can increase their stress levels. To avoid nausea, try feeding your dog a smaller meal a few hours before the trip, or refrain from feeding them immediately before the ride.
Keep the Ride Calm: Use soft music or white noise to create a relaxing environment in the car. Avoid sudden stops, sharp turns, or loud noises, as these can make your dog more anxious.

If your dog’s anxiety is severe, your vet may recommend anti-anxiety medications specifically for vet visits or long car rides. These medications can make the experience less stressful for both you and your dog.

💡 Pro Tip: Bring along your dog’s favorite toy or blanket to provide a sense of security. Familiar smells can be calming and remind your dog of home during the trip.

Comment 6: “My dog is a senior. Is the first vet visit different for older dogs, and should I expect additional tests?”

Expert Answer: Yes, the first vet visit for a senior dog (usually considered 7 years and older, depending on the breed) will be somewhat different from a puppy’s or younger dog’s visit. Senior dogs require more comprehensive health checks, and vets may recommend additional tests to monitor for age-related conditions that can develop silently. Here’s what you can expect for an older dog’s first visit:

Thorough Physical Exam: While all dogs get a basic physical, vets pay extra attention to joints, muscle condition, and the teeth of senior dogs. They’ll check for signs of arthritis, dental disease, or other common age-related issues like lumps or tumors. They may also assess your dog’s vision and hearing, as both tend to decline with age.
Blood Work: Senior dogs are more prone to issues like kidney disease, liver dysfunction, and thyroid imbalances. A complete blood panel and urinalysis are often recommended during their first visit to screen for these conditions. These tests help vets monitor organ function and detect diseases early when they’re more manageable.
Joint and Mobility Assessment: Older dogs are at higher risk for degenerative joint disease or arthritis. The vet may assess your dog’s mobility by checking their gait, range of motion, and level of discomfort. Depending on their findings, they may suggest treatments like joint supplements, anti-inflammatory medications, or even physical therapy to keep your dog comfortable.
Weight Management: Senior dogs tend to gain weight due to decreased activity or slower metabolism. The vet will evaluate your dog’s weight, recommend dietary adjustments if necessary, and discuss appropriate senior dog food options that cater to their changing needs. This is especially important since excess weight can exacerbate joint problems and lead to other health issues like diabetes or heart disease.
Dental Care: Dental disease is a frequent concern in senior dogs. Your vet will check for signs of gum disease, tooth decay, or bad breath, which can indicate deeper health problems. They may recommend a professional cleaning or suggest regular brushing to manage your dog’s oral health.

While additional tests and assessments may add to the cost of a senior dog’s first vet visit, they are crucial for catching potential health problems early. Routine blood work, urine tests, and dental exams can help ensure your dog’s golden years are as healthy and comfortable as possible.

💡 Pro Tip: Ask your vet about a senior wellness package, which can include routine blood work, dental exams, and arthritis assessments bundled at a reduced rate. Many clinics offer tailored plans for older dogs to make ongoing care more affordable.

Comment 7: “I’ve read that certain breeds are more prone to health issues. How should I approach the first vet visit if my dog’s breed is known for specific problems?”

Expert Answer: You’re absolutely right—some breeds are genetically predisposed to certain health conditions, and it’s a great idea to approach the first vet visit with this knowledge in hand. Your vet will be familiar with breed-specific issues and can tailor the exam and future care recommendations accordingly. Here’s how to ensure you address these concerns:

Research Breed-Specific Risks: Before the visit, research the common health problems associated with your dog’s breed. For example:
- Labrador Retrievers are prone to hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia.
- Bulldogs and other brachycephalic breeds often struggle with breathing issues due to their flat faces.
- Dachshunds are known for developing intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), which affects their spine.
- Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are prone to mitral valve disease, a heart condition.

Understanding these risks will help you ask the right questions during the exam and make sure your vet is proactive about preventive care or early detection.

Ask for Targeted Screenings: Depending on your dog’s breed, you may want to request specific tests or evaluations during the first visit. For example:
- If your dog is prone to hip dysplasia, ask about hip exams and whether X-rays are recommended, even at a young age.
- For breeds at risk of heart disease, ask your vet to perform a thorough cardiac exam (listening for murmurs) and whether regular echocardiograms might be necessary as your dog ages.
- If your dog has a tendency toward respiratory problems, like pugs or bulldogs, ask the vet to assess airway function and provide guidance on reducing respiratory strain, especially in hot or humid weather.
Preventive Care: Many breed-related issues can be managed or prevented with early intervention. For example:
- If your breed is at risk for joint problems, starting them on a joint supplement like glucosamine can be beneficial.
- For dogs with a tendency toward obesity, your vet may recommend a special diet and an exercise routine from day one to keep their weight in check and avoid exacerbating issues like arthritis or diabetes.
Genetic Testing: In some cases, you may want to consider genetic testing to screen for hereditary conditions common to your dog’s breed. These tests can identify carriers of certain diseases, allowing for earlier and more focused treatment. Discuss with your vet whether this is a worthwhile option for your breed.

By approaching the first vet visit with an awareness of breed-specific risks, you’ll help your vet provide the most effective care tailored to your dog’s needs.

💡 Pro Tip: Mention your dog’s pedigree or any knowledge of family health history during the visit. If you know of any conditions present in your dog’s parents or siblings, this information can help guide the vet’s approach.

Comment 8: “How often should I schedule vet visits after the first one, especially if my dog seems healthy?”

Expert Answer: Even if your dog appears healthy, routine vet visits are essential for maintaining their well-being and catching any potential health issues early. Here’s a general guideline for how often to schedule follow-up visits based on your dog’s life stage:

Puppies: For puppies, regular vet visits are crucial, especially in the first year. They’ll need booster vaccinations every 3 to 4 weeks until they’re around 16 weeks old. After their initial vaccine series, the vet may recommend a visit every 6 months to monitor their growth, dental development, and any behavioral concerns.
Adults (1-7 years old): For healthy adult dogs, annual vet visits are typically sufficient. During these checkups, the vet will perform a comprehensive physical exam, update vaccinations, and check for early signs of health issues such as dental disease, obesity, or parasites. Annual heartworm testing and fecal exams are also common during these visits.
Seniors (7+ years old): As dogs age, their risk of developing chronic conditions increases, so more frequent vet visits are often recommended—typically every 6 months. These visits may include routine blood work, urinalysis, and other tests to monitor for conditions like kidney disease, diabetes, arthritis, or cancer. Regular checkups allow for early intervention, which can significantly improve a senior dog’s quality of life.

Even if your dog appears perfectly healthy, these routine visits are critical. Dogs often hide symptoms of illness, and regular checkups are the best way to catch potential problems before they escalate. Vets will also advise on preventive care, such as diet adjustments, dental cleanings, or weight management, which can help prevent long-term health issues.

💡 Pro Tip: Set up reminders or ask your vet’s office to schedule follow-up appointments in advance, so you stay on track with regular visits and any necessary booster vaccinations or wellness checks.

Comment 9: “Do I need to bring my dog’s stool sample to every vet visit, or just the first one?”

Expert Answer: It’s not necessary to bring a stool sample to every vet visit, but it’s important to provide one at least once a year as part of your dog’s annual wellness exam. The stool sample is used for a fecal exam, which helps detect intestinal parasites like roundworms, hookworms, giardia, or coccidia. Even if your dog appears healthy, parasites can be present without obvious symptoms, so regular screenings are key to preventing more serious health issues.

Here’s when to bring a stool sample to the vet:

First Vet Visit: A fresh stool sample is almost always required at your dog’s first visit, whether they’re a puppy or an adult. This helps the vet check for parasites right away, which are common in young puppies or newly adopted rescue dogs.
Annual Wellness Exam: Most vets recommend an annual fecal test as part of your dog’s routine checkup, even for dogs that are consistently on parasite prevention. This is particularly important if your dog frequents parks or socializes with other dogs, as exposure to parasites can occur easily in these environments.
If Symptoms Arise: If your dog develops diarrhea, vomiting, or unexplained weight loss, the vet will likely ask for a stool sample outside of the regular schedule to test for parasites or other gastrointestinal issues.

While you don’t need to bring a stool sample to every visit, keeping up with annual fecal exams ensures that your dog remains parasite-free and healthy.

💡 Pro Tip: Collect the stool sample the same day as your vet visit and store it in a sealed plastic bag. Make sure it’s as fresh as possible to ensure accurate test results.

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Published on: September 14, 2024September 14, 2024Author: Bestie PawsLike: 36Comment: 0