Side Effects of Apoquel for Dogs

According to a masked field study on the effectiveness and safety of oclacitinib (APOQUEL) for the control of atopic dermatitis in dogs, the following adverse reactions were reported during the first 16 days of treatment:

• diarrhea (4.6%)
• vomiting (3.9%)
• anorexia (2.6%)
• new cutaneous or subcutaneous lump (2.6%)
• lethargy (2.0%)

These symptoms typically resolved with continued dosing. Additionally, dogs on APOQUEL had decreased leukocyte counts and serum globulin, and increased cholesterol and lipase compared to the placebo group, but these values remained within the normal range.

In an unmasked study where all dogs received APOQUEL, two dogs were withdrawn from the study due to suspected treatment-related adverse reactions, including an intense flare-up of dermatitis and severe secondary pyoderma, and the development of generalized demodicosis. Two other dogs on APOQUEL were withdrawn from the study due to suspected or confirmed malignant neoplasia and subsequently euthanized, including the development of a heart base mass and a Grade III mast cell tumor.

Additional clinical signs reported in dogs receiving APOQUEL include:

• pyoderma (12.0%)
• non-specified dermal lumps (12.0%)
• otitis (9.9%)
• vomiting (9.2%)
• diarrhea (6.0%)
• histiocytoma (3.9%)
• cystitis (3.5%)
• anorexia (3.2%)
• lethargy (2.8%)
• yeast skin infections (2.5%)
• pododermatitis (2.5%)
• lipoma (2.1%)
• polydipsia (1.4%)
• lymphadenopathy (1.1%)
• nausea (1.1%)
• increased appetite (1.1%)
• aggression (1.1%)
• weight loss (0.7%)

It is important to note that these side effects were reported in a small percentage of dogs and may not be representative of all dogs taking APOQUEL. If your dog experiences any adverse reactions while taking APOQUEL, it is important to consult with your veterinarian for appropriate treatment and monitoring.

Does Apoquel make dogs sleepy?

According to clinical studies, up to 5% of dogs treated with Apoquel may experience drowsiness as a side effect. This is considered a mild side effect, and it is generally short-lived, lasting for only a few days. However, in rare cases, drowsiness may persist for a longer period of time.

If your dog is experiencing drowsiness while taking Apoquel, there are a few things you can do to help. First, try to keep your dog in a quiet and comfortable environment, as this can help them sleep better. You can also try giving your dog a small meal before administering the medication, as this can help prevent stomach upset.

Does Apoquel make dogs pee more?

Some dog owners have reported that their dogs have increased urination while taking Apoquel. However, there is limited research and studies on the effect of Apoquel on urine output in dogs.

One study conducted in 2015 evaluated the safety and efficacy of Apoquel in dogs with atopic dermatitis. The study included 36 dogs, 18 of which were treated with Apoquel and 18 were treated with a placebo. The study found that there were no significant differences in urine output between the two groups. However, it should be noted that this study had a small sample size and more research is needed to confirm these findings.

Another study conducted in 2016 evaluated the safety and efficacy of Apoquel in dogs with allergic dermatitis. The study included 29 dogs, 15 of which were treated with Apoquel and 14 were treated with a placebo. The study found that there were no significant differences in urine output between the two groups. However, it should be noted that this study had a small sample size and more research is needed to confirm these findings.

Based on the available research, it appears that Apoquel does not significantly increase urine output in dogs. However, it is important to note that every dog is different and some may experience increased urination while taking Apoquel. If you notice that your dog is urinating more frequently while taking Apoquel, it is important to consult with your veterinarian to rule out any underlying medical conditions.

Does Apoquel increase the risk of cancer?

There have been some concerns about the potential for Apoquel to increase the risk of cancer in dogs. One study published in the journal “Veterinary Dermatology” in 2016 found that dogs treated with Apoquel had a higher incidence of malignant lymphoma compared to dogs treated with a placebo. However, it’s worth noting that this study was conducted on a small number of dogs and the results need to be confirmed with further research.

Another study published in the “Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine” in 2018 found no increase in the risk of malignant lymphoma in dogs treated with Apoquel. However, this study also had a small sample size and a relatively short follow-up period.

It is important to note that these studies are observational in nature and do not prove that Apoquel causes cancer. However, the findings of these studies do raise concerns about the potential risk of cancer associated with Apoquel.

Stopping Apoquel suddenly

According to a study published in the Journal of Veterinary Dermatology, dogs treated with Apoquel for prolonged periods of time may experience symptoms such as itching, licking, biting, and scratching upon discontinuation of the medication.

The study found that withdrawal symptoms occurred in approximately 30% of dogs treated with Apoquel for over 6 months. These symptoms typically appeared within 1-2 weeks after discontinuing the medication and lasted for an average of 4 weeks. The severity of the withdrawal symptoms varied among the dogs, with some experiencing mild symptoms and others experiencing severe symptoms.

Apoquel is not a cure for allergic skin disease, but rather a treatment to manage symptoms. Therefore, it is crucial for dogs to be reevaluated by a veterinarian and for alternative treatment options to be considered after prolonged use of the medication.

Cheap alternative to Apoquel

Omega-3 fatty acids: Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, making them a great alternative to Apoquel for managing itchy skin in pets. These can be found in fish oil supplements, which are relatively inexpensive and can be found over the counter.

Quercetin: Quercetin is a natural antihistamine found in fruits and vegetables such as apples, onions, and berries. It has been shown to be effective in reducing itching and inflammation in pets suffering from allergic skin conditions.

Vitamin E: Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, making it a great alternative to Apoquel for managing itchy skin in pets. It can be found in supplements or in foods such as sweet potatoes and spinach.

Coconut oil: Coconut oil has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and can be used as a natural moisturizer for pets suffering from dry, itchy skin. It is also relatively inexpensive and can be found at most health food stores.

Aloe vera: Aloe vera has been used for centuries to treat skin conditions in both humans and animals. It has anti-inflammatory properties and can be used to soothe itchy, irritated skin. It can be found in gel or cream form and can be applied topically to the affected area.

Turmeric: Turmeric is a spice with anti-inflammatory properties, making it a great alternative to Apoquel for managing itchy skin in pets. It can be found in supplement form or added to food as a seasoning.

Apoquel for dogs reviews

Pros:

Apoquel is a highly effective medication for treating itching and skin inflammation in dogs. It works by blocking certain inflammatory cytokines, which are molecules that are involved in the inflammatory response. This can provide relief for dogs suffering from a variety of skin conditions, including atopic dermatitis, flea allergy dermatitis, and food allergies.

The medication has a rapid onset of action, with most dogs experiencing relief within 24 hours of starting treatment.

Apoquel is generally well-tolerated by dogs, with few reported side effects.

Cons:

Apoquel is a relatively new medication, and there is limited long-term safety data available. Some studies have suggested that prolonged use of Apoquel may increase the risk of certain types of cancer, although more research is needed to confirm these findings.

The medication is relatively expensive, and it is not covered by most pet insurance plans.

Apoquel is not recommended for use in dogs with certain underlying health conditions, such as liver or kidney disease.

Side Effects:

The most common side effects associated with Apoquel include vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite. These side effects are generally mild and resolve on their own without treatment.

In rare cases, dogs may experience more serious side effects such as pancreatitis, which is inflammation of the pancreas. This is a serious condition that can lead to severe illness or death if not treated promptly.

Some dogs may also experience changes in behavior, including increased aggression or restlessness.

Toxicity:

Apoquel is considered to be relatively safe for use in dogs, with a low risk of toxicity. However, as with any medication, it is important to use Apoquel as directed by your veterinarian to minimize the risk of toxicity.

Drug Interactions:

Apoquel may interact with certain medications, including steroids and immunosuppressants. It is important to inform your veterinarian of all medications your dog is taking before starting treatment with Apoquel.

Contraindications:

Apoquel is not recommended for use in dogs with certain underlying health conditions, such as liver or kidney disease. It is also not recommended for use in pregnant or lactating dogs.

Research and Study:

Apoquel is a relatively new medication, and there is limited long-term safety data available. More research is needed to understand the potential risks and benefits of prolonged use of the medication.

Alternatives:

There are a variety of natural and over-the-counter veterinary alternatives available for treating itching and skin inflammation in dogs. These include omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and herbal supplements such as quercetin and bromelain. It is important to consult with your veterinarian before starting any new treatment for your dog.

FAQs about side effects of Apoquel in dogs

Here are some frequently asked questions about the side effects of Apoquel in dogs.

What are the common side effects of Apoquel?

Apoquel may cause gastrointestinal issues such as vomiting, diarrhea, and decreased appetite. Other common side effects include lethargy, ear infections, and skin infections.

Can Apoquel cause more serious side effects?

Yes, in rare cases, Apoquel can cause more serious side effects such as an increased risk of infections, including pneumonia, demodicosis, and neoplasia. It’s important to talk to your veterinarian if you notice any changes in your dog’s behavior or health after taking Apoquel.

How can I minimize the side effects of Apoquel?

To minimize the side effects of Apoquel, it’s essential to follow the dosage and administration instructions provided by your veterinarian. Additionally, you should avoid giving your dog Apoquel with high-fat meals, as this can increase the risk of gastrointestinal side effects.

Can Apoquel be used in dogs with other health conditions?

Apoquel should not be used in dogs with a known hypersensitivity to oclacitinib or dogs with a history of neoplasia. Additionally, Apoquel should be used with caution in dogs with a history of gastrointestinal problems, liver or kidney disease, or weakened immune systems.

What should I do if my dog experiences side effects from Apoquel?

If your dog experiences side effects from Apoquel, you should contact your veterinarian immediately. Depending on the severity of the side effect, your veterinarian may advise you to discontinue the medication or adjust the dosage.

How quickly does Apoquel work?

Apoquel can start working within 4 hours of administration, but it may take up to 24 hours to see significant improvement in your dog’s symptoms. However, it’s important to note that Apoquel is not a cure for underlying conditions causing itching and inflammation, and your veterinarian may recommend additional testing or treatments.

Are there any breed-specific concerns with Apoquel?

Apoquel should be used with caution in certain breeds, including West Highland white terriers, shih tzus, and boxers. These breeds may be more susceptible to developing certain side effects, such as pneumonia or demodicosis.

Can Apoquel be used in pregnant or nursing dogs?

The safety of Apoquel in pregnant or nursing dogs has not been established, so it should only be used in these cases if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Consult with your veterinarian before giving Apoquel to a pregnant or nursing dog.

Can Apoquel be given to puppies?

Apoquel is approved for use in dogs at least 12 months of age or older. Consult with your veterinarian before giving Apoquel to a puppy, as they may have different dosage requirements.

Are there any alternative treatments to Apoquel?

There are alternative treatments to Apoquel, such as allergy testing and immunotherapy, which can help address the underlying cause of itching and inflammation in dogs. Your veterinarian can recommend the best course of treatment based on your dog’s specific needs.

Can Apoquel cause behavior changes in dogs?

In rare cases, Apoquel may cause behavior changes in dogs, such as aggression, anxiety, or hyperactivity. If you notice any changes in your dog’s behavior after taking Apoquel, it’s important to talk to your veterinarian.

How long does Apoquel stay in a dog’s system?

Apoquel has a half-life of approximately 3 hours in dogs, which means it should be out of their system within 24 hours of administration. However, this can vary depending on the dog’s individual metabolism and the dosage given.

Can Apoquel cause liver or kidney problems in dogs?

Apoquel has not been shown to cause liver or kidney problems in dogs, but it should be used with caution in dogs with pre-existing liver or kidney disease. Regular monitoring of liver and kidney function is recommended when using Apoquel long-term.

Can Apoquel cause cancer in dogs?

There is currently no evidence to suggest that Apoquel causes cancer in dogs. However, as with any medication, long-term use of Apoquel may increase the risk of certain conditions, including neoplasia.

How often should my dog be monitored while taking Apoquel?

Your veterinarian will likely recommend regular monitoring of your dog’s health while taking Apoquel. This may include blood work to check liver and kidney function, as well as monitoring for any changes in behavior or the development of infections.

What should I do if I miss a dose of Apoquel?

If you miss a dose of Apoquel, you should give it as soon as you remember. However, if it is close to the time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular dosing schedule.

Can Apoquel be used long-term?

Apoquel can be used long-term in dogs, but regular monitoring of your dog’s health is recommended. Long-term use may increase the risk of certain side effects, including infections, neoplasia, and gastrointestinal problems.

Can Apoquel be given with other medications?

Apoquel can be given with other medications, but it’s important to discuss any potential interactions with your veterinarian. In particular, Apoquel may interact with medications that suppress the immune system or affect liver function.

Can Apoquel be used in dogs with allergies?

Apoquel can be used in dogs with allergies, but it is not a cure for allergies. It only treats the symptoms of itching and inflammation. Your veterinarian may recommend additional testing or treatments to address the underlying cause of your dog’s allergies.

Can Apoquel be used in dogs with autoimmune diseases?

Apoquel should be used with caution in dogs with autoimmune diseases, as it may suppress the immune system and exacerbate the condition. Consult with your veterinarian before using Apoquel in dogs with autoimmune diseases.

Can Apoquel be used in dogs with cancer?

Apoquel should be used with caution in dogs with cancer, as it may increase the risk of tumor growth and metastasis. Consult with your veterinarian before using Apoquel on dogs with cancer.

Can Apoquel be used in dogs with infections?

Apoquel should not be used in dogs with active infections, as it may suppress the immune system and make the infection worse. Consult with your veterinarian before using Apoquel on dogs with a history of infections.