One shot every 4 to 8 weeks — and most dogs stop scratching within a day or two. Cytopoint changed how veterinarians treat allergic itch, but pet owners rarely get the full picture before they’re already committed to monthly clinic visits and bills that add up fast.
These are the questions dog owners search for right after their vet first mentions Cytopoint. Plain answers here, with full detail below for those who want to understand the reasoning behind each one.
1 Is Cytopoint a steroid or a drug? Neither. It’s a biologic — a lab-made protein that works the same way your dog’s own antibodies do. It doesn’t enter cells, doesn’t affect the liver or kidneys, and carries none of the hormonal risks of long-term steroid use. ▼
Cytopoint’s active ingredient, lokivetmab, is a monoclonal antibody. Antibodies are proteins — they’re what the immune system naturally produces to neutralize foreign substances. Zoetis engineered this particular antibody to bind very specifically to a molecule called interleukin-31 (IL-31), the chemical messenger that tells your dog’s nervous system to itch. Once bound, IL-31 can’t reach the nerve receptors in the skin, so the scratch reflex never fires.
Because it’s a protein, it’s broken down through normal protein metabolism — the same pathways that process food protein. There’s no hepatic metabolism, no renal clearance burden, and no impact on cortisol levels. This is a meaningful difference from corticosteroids like prednisone, which work systemically and carry real long-term risks for dogs on sustained treatment.
2 How quickly does Cytopoint start working? Most dogs show a noticeable reduction in scratching, licking, and chewing within 24 hours of the injection. Full relief — if the dog responds — typically settles in by day 3. ▼
This is one of Cytopoint’s practical advantages over some alternatives. The antibody enters circulation almost immediately after the subcutaneous injection and begins binding available IL-31 right away. You’ll likely see your dog sitting more calmly, sleeping without waking to scratch, or leaving hot spots alone by the following day. If you see no change at all within 72 hours, that’s a signal worth discussing with your vet — partial or absent response that early often predicts how well that individual dog will do longer term.
Day 3 is a useful informal checkpoint. Dogs who are going to respond usually show clear improvement by then. Dogs showing no change by day 3 may not be in the 73–88% that respond meaningfully — or may have a secondary infection or a non-allergic cause of itch that Cytopoint can’t address.
3 Can Cytopoint be used with other medications? Yes. No drug interactions have been reported as of current data. Cytopoint has been safely used alongside antibiotics, antifungals, steroids, Apoquel, flea preventatives, vaccines, and most other veterinary medications. Vaccines should be given at a different injection site on the same visit. ▼
One of the most clinically useful aspects of Cytopoint’s mechanism is that it targets a very specific molecule rather than broadly modulating immune function. Because it’s not suppressing the immune system as a whole, adding it on top of other medications — including immunosuppressants like cyclosporine — doesn’t create the additive risk profile you’d see with stacking steroids and oral JAK inhibitors, for instance.
Many vets use Cytopoint and Apoquel simultaneously during severe flares, then dial back to Cytopoint alone for maintenance. If your dog is on any medication, always mention it before the injection — not because interactions are expected, but because a complete picture helps the veterinarian interpret the response and adjust other treatments accordingly.
4 Is Cytopoint safe for puppies, seniors, and dogs with chronic illness? Yes to all three. There is no minimum age restriction, no upper age limit, and no contraindication for dogs with liver disease, kidney disease, heart conditions, diabetes, or most cancers. It’s one of the few allergy treatments without restrictions on the conditions it can coexist with. ▼
This is where Cytopoint genuinely stands apart from its alternatives. Apoquel (oclacitinib), for instance, cannot be used in dogs under 12 months of age or in dogs with active serious infections or cancer — because it works by partially suppressing JAK signaling, which affects immune function broadly. Cytopoint, because it targets only IL-31 and works outside the cell, carries none of those contraindications.
The one situation where Cytopoint’s safety is not yet established is pregnancy and nursing. Zoetis has not completed safety studies in pregnant or lactating females, and current guidance is to avoid Cytopoint in those animals until data exists. For all other life stages — 8-week-old puppy, 14-year-old senior with kidney disease — no restriction applies per the current label.
5 Does Cytopoint cure the allergy? No. It manages the itch signal — it does not change the underlying immune response that causes the allergy in the first place. When the injection wears off, the itch typically returns unless the allergen is also addressed or removed. ▼
This is the thing vets wish they had more time to explain in the exam room. Cytopoint interrupts one signal in a chain that starts with an allergen (pollen, dust mites, certain proteins in food, mold spores) and ends with a dog scratching itself raw. Remove the signal, and the scratching stops — but the underlying immune sensitization hasn’t changed. The dog is still allergic.
The most complete long-term solution for canine atopic dermatitis is allergen-specific immunotherapy — essentially allergy shots tailored to what that particular dog reacts to — which takes 12 to 18 months to build tolerance but addresses the root cause rather than suppressing the symptom. Many dogs start on Cytopoint for immediate relief while immunotherapy builds over time. Others stay on Cytopoint indefinitely because immunotherapy is expensive and not always practical. Both approaches are legitimate — just know what you’re buying with each one.
6 Was Cytopoint discontinued? I read that somewhere. No. That rumor circulates every year, usually because individual dogs lose response over time and owners assume the product was pulled. As of mid-2026, Cytopoint remains USDA-approved, actively manufactured by Zoetis, and widely available at veterinary clinics across the United States. ▼
No recall, no discontinuation. What does happen — in a small percentage of dogs — is that an individual dog develops anti-drug antibodies that neutralize the lokivetmab before it can do its job. The dog appears to stop responding, the owner assumes the product is the problem, and the story spreads online. That’s a treatment failure in one patient, not a product withdrawal.
Worth noting for context: a competing injection, Befrena (tirnovetmab) from Elanco, launched in May of this year with a similar IL-31 mechanism and data suggesting 6 to 8 weeks of relief per dose. For dogs who have genuinely stopped responding to Cytopoint due to anti-drug antibodies, asking your vet about Befrena or switching to an oral option like Apoquel or Zenrelia are legitimate next steps.
7 Does Cytopoint make dogs sleepy? It does not cause sedation. Some dogs seem calmer or quieter for a day or two after the injection — which is better attributed to the relief from constant itching than to any sedating effect of the medication itself. ▼
There is no sedating mechanism in lokivetmab. It binds IL-31 in the bloodstream; it has no action in the central nervous system. What often reads as sedation in a dog who just got their first injection is simply rest — a dog that was kept awake by relentless itching for weeks can finally sleep through the night. That’s not a drug effect, it’s a comfort effect.
If a dog appears genuinely lethargic — not just quieter and more relaxed, but unresponsive, disinterested in food, or unable to stand normally — that’s different and warrants a call to your vet. Lethargy is one of the mild, self-limiting side effects reported in a small percentage of dogs in the days after injection, and it almost always resolves on its own within 72 hours.
8 Can I give Cytopoint at home, or does it have to be a vet visit every time? At-home administration is not permitted by the current USDA label. Every injection must be given by a licensed veterinarian or under direct veterinary supervision. This is a regulatory requirement, not an arbitrary inconvenience — the dosing is weight-based and requires clinical judgment about whether the dog needs additional treatment for secondary infections or other factors at each visit. ▼
This frustrates many owners who manage conditions like diabetes and already give their own dogs subcutaneous injections daily. The difference is regulatory: Cytopoint is a prescription biological product that requires veterinary oversight of both the dose and the assessment at each visit. A dog on regular Cytopoint injections is also a dog who benefits from having a vet check for secondary skin infections, ear disease, and changes in the underlying allergy profile — all of which can undermine Cytopoint’s effectiveness and are things most owners aren’t trained to evaluate.
For repeat patients who are stable, many clinics offer a “technician visit” rate that skips the full examination and charges only for the injection itself — substantially reducing the per-visit cost. If your clinic charges a full exam fee every 4 to 6 weeks, it’s completely reasonable to ask whether a technician-only follow-up is available for a stable, well-managed dog.
The technical name is intimidating: lokivetmab, a caninized monoclonal antibody against interleukin-31. Strip that down and it’s actually a straightforward story about one protein, one signal, and one very deliberate roadblock.
Steroids like prednisone work by broadly suppressing immune and inflammatory responses throughout the body. They stop itch effectively, but they also suppress the immune system’s ability to fight infection, stress the adrenal glands over time, drive weight gain, increase thirst and urination, and can accelerate muscle wasting in older dogs. Cytopoint targets a single molecule in a single step of the itch pathway. It does not suppress white blood cells, does not affect cortisol production, and does not interfere with the immune system’s ability to fight bacteria, viruses, or fungi. That narrowness of action is exactly why dogs with chronic illness, on chemotherapy, or with recurrent infections can still receive Cytopoint safely when steroids would be risky.
Because it only blocks IL-31, Cytopoint does not treat the inflammation that’s already happened in the skin. It stops the itch signal, but it does not reduce redness, swelling, or skin thickening from chronic scratching. It also does not treat secondary bacterial or yeast infections — common in dogs with atopic dermatitis because damaged skin creates an opening for opportunistic organisms. If a dog has a visible skin infection alongside its itch, Cytopoint will reduce the scratching but the infection still needs treatment. This is one of the most common reasons an injection seems to wear off faster than expected — the ongoing infection is driving itch through pathways other than IL-31, and those pathways aren’t blocked.
The number your vet quotes for “the injection” is often only part of the real per-visit cost. Here’s how Cytopoint pricing works, why large dogs get expensive fast, and what you can do to reduce the total.
| Dog Size | Approximate Weight | Injection Cost (Drug Only) | Typical Annual Cost | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Small | Under 20 lbs | $60–$100 | $390–$900 | One 10 mg or 20 mg vial typically covers the full dose. |
| Medium | 20–40 lbs | $90–$140 | $585–$1,260 | May require a single higher-dose vial or two smaller ones. |
| Large | 40–80 lbs | $140–$180 | $910–$1,620 | Multiple vials often needed. Ask clinic to confirm vial combination. |
| Giant | 80+ lbs | $180–$300+ | $1,170–$2,700+ | Highest vial cost tier. Annual total can exceed $3,000 with exam fees. |
Dosing is at a minimum of 2 mg/kg body weight, administered every 4–8 weeks as needed. Annual cost assumes 6.5 injections per year (every 8 weeks), which is a conservative estimate. Dogs needing injections every 4–5 weeks will incur significantly higher annual totals. U.S. price estimates based on 2025–2026 veterinary industry data; actual costs vary by location and clinic.
The injection price is only part of what you pay each visit. Most clinics charge a separate exam or technician visit fee of $30 to $85 every time Cytopoint is administered. Over a year at 6 to 8 visits, that adds $180 to $680 on top of the drug cost — sometimes more than the injection itself for small dogs. Ask your veterinarian directly: “Once my dog is on a stable schedule, can repeat injections be done as a technician visit instead of a full exam?” Many clinics say yes for dogs whose condition is well-managed, and the savings are meaningful over time.
It depends entirely on the policy and when you enrolled. Comprehensive accident and illness plans from providers like Healthy Paws, Trupanion, Lemonade, and Embrace typically cover Cytopoint injections as part of allergy treatment — with reimbursement rates of 70–90% after the deductible, once the policy is active. The critical caveat: if your dog was already showing allergy symptoms before you enrolled, most insurers classify atopic dermatitis as a pre-existing condition and exclude it entirely. Enroll your dog before symptoms appear, or immediately after a new puppy arrives, to preserve coverage. Wellness-only plans do not cover Cytopoint under any circumstances — those are for routine preventive care, not chronic disease treatment. Always read the allergy and chronic condition exclusions in your policy before assuming you’re covered.
These two medications are the most commonly prescribed allergy treatments in veterinary practice. They treat the same condition but work differently, suit different lifestyles, and come with different trade-offs. Neither is universally better — and veterinarians often use them together.
| Factor | 💉 Cytopoint (Lokivetmab) | 💊 Apoquel (Oclacitinib) |
|---|---|---|
| Mechanism | Monoclonal antibody — binds and neutralizes IL-31 in circulation | JAK inhibitor — blocks JAK1 signaling to reduce multiple itch-driving cytokines |
| Administration | Injection at vet clinic every 4–8 weeks | Daily oral tablet or chewable at home |
| Onset of Relief | 24–48 hours | 4–8 hours — faster initial action |
| Minimum Age | No restriction — any age including puppies | 12 months minimum — not for dogs under 1 year |
| Typical Cost | $60–$300+ per injection (every 4–8 wks) | ~$650–$1,500/year for mid-size dogs; can buy online to save |
| Used With Cancer? | Generally yes — no contraindication | Use with caution — JAK pathway affects immune cancer surveillance |
| Stopping Quickly | Cannot reverse mid-cycle — injection lasts 4–8 wks regardless | Can stop any day — pill-based dosing means full control over timing |
| Scope of Action | Narrower — primarily itch via IL-31 pathway | Broader anti-inflammatory — addresses more cytokines including IL-4, IL-13 |
| Compliance Ease | High — no daily task for owner | Moderate — requires consistent daily dosing at home |
| Best When… | Itch control without daily meds; senior or ill dogs; picky eaters | Fast control of acute flare; owner prefers flexibility to adjust dosing |
Two additional treatments entered U.S. veterinary practice recently. Zenrelia (ilunocitinib), a more selective JAK inhibitor than Apoquel, is approved for dogs over 12 months. Numelvi (atinvicitinib), approved in late 2025 and arriving at clinics in early 2026, targets JAK1 with even greater specificity. A new injection competitor to Cytopoint, Befrena (tirnovetmab) from Elanco, launched in May 2026 with a similar IL-31 mechanism and data suggesting 6 to 8 weeks per dose. All three are promising — and all three lack the multi-year real-world safety dataset that Cytopoint and Apoquel now carry. That context is worth weighing before switching a dog who’s currently stable and responding well.
The reported side effect profile for Cytopoint is genuinely mild compared to long-term steroid use or daily oral immunomodulators. But “generally well tolerated” is not the same as “no side effects for any dog,” and you deserve an honest accounting.
Temporary lethargy or a quieter-than-usual disposition for one to two days after injection is the most commonly reported owner observation. Mild soreness or swelling at the injection site that resolves within a few hours is also common. A brief period of reduced appetite or very mild digestive looseness in the 24 to 48 hours following the shot has been noted in a small percentage of dogs in post-market data. These reactions are considered self-limiting — they resolve on their own without intervention and don’t indicate anything is going wrong with the medication or your dog’s response to it. No action is needed beyond monitoring.
Vomiting that persists beyond 24 hours, hyperexcitability or restlessness, or urinary incontinence that wasn’t present before the injection are less common but have been documented in post-market reporting. These are more significant than the day-after tiredness and warrant a call to your vet — not necessarily an emergency visit, but a conversation to determine whether an adjustment is needed before the next dose or whether another cause is responsible. Secondary skin infections are also relevant here: approximately 31% of dogs in one long-term study developed a skin infection during Cytopoint treatment — not caused by the medication, but facilitated by the fact that scratching damage had already created openings in the skin. Cytopoint stops the itch; it cannot close the door on bacterial overgrowth already underway.
True anaphylactic reactions — facial swelling, difficulty breathing, hives, collapse, or pale gums occurring within 15 to 30 minutes of injection — are rare but possible with any injectable biological product. Neurological signs including seizures appear in the EU product label as a rare adverse event (fewer than 1 in 10,000 treated dogs) based on spontaneous post-market reporting; these events were not observed in the controlled clinical trials. The mechanism linking lokivetmab to neurological events is not yet fully established, though IL-31 is known to play roles beyond skin itch signaling. If your dog has a history of seizures, this is a specific conversation to have with your veterinarian before starting Cytopoint. Any seizure, collapse, or breathing difficulty following an injection is a medical emergency — go immediately to a veterinary clinic or emergency hospital.
Safety studies in pregnant and lactating females have not been completed. This is not a contraindication born from known harm — it’s a data gap. Until Zoetis has completed those studies, current veterinary guidance is to avoid using Cytopoint in breeding females during gestation or while nursing. For spayed females, intact females not currently pregnant, males, and all other life stages, no such restriction applies.
Before Cytopoint — before anything — the most important question is: what’s actually causing the itch? Cytopoint is specifically for allergic and atopic dermatitis. If a dog is scratching because of fleas, mange, a food allergy that needs a diet trial, or a bacterial or yeast skin infection, Cytopoint will have limited or no effect on the root cause. A vet visit for a proper assessment — looking at the skin under a microscope, ruling out parasites, considering the season and the dog’s age — is the essential first step. The dogs Cytopoint works best for are those whose itch is environmental and seasonal: worse in spring and fall, affecting the face, paws, armpits, and groin, in a breed known for atopy, starting between ages 1 and 3. If that description fits your dog, Cytopoint is a very reasonable first treatment to try.
This is one of the most common situations where Cytopoint genuinely shines. An older dog with diabetes, Cushing’s disease, a heart condition, chronic kidney disease, or a history of recurrent infections is often a poor candidate for continued steroid use — but still needs itch relief. Because Cytopoint works outside the cell through a protein mechanism rather than systemic immune suppression, it doesn’t worsen blood glucose levels, doesn’t drive fluid retention, doesn’t interfere with cardiac medications, and doesn’t put additional pressure on compromised kidneys or liver. Your senior dog’s other medications are almost certainly compatible with Cytopoint — but bring a complete medication list to that conversation with your vet so nothing is missed. Age alone, even in a very old dog, is not a barrier to using it.
Be honest with your vet about the budget. This matters more than most owners realize, because a vet who knows the constraint can help you find the most cost-effective schedule — perhaps stretching to every 8 weeks if your dog tolerates it, or reducing the frequency in winter when environmental allergen levels drop. Ask specifically whether a technician visit rate is available for stable injection appointments, since that alone can save $40 to $80 per visit. Consider whether pet insurance, purchased before symptoms developed, would have changed the math — and enroll any other pets you have now, before their allergies appear. For large or giant breed owners where Cytopoint costs $200+ per injection, Apoquel’s daily pill format — which can be purchased from online pharmacies at a discount — sometimes comes out cheaper annually for that weight range. Your vet can run those numbers with you. Long-term allergen immunotherapy is a meaningful upfront investment ($1,000–$4,000 for the first year) but may eventually reduce or eliminate the need for ongoing Cytopoint, making it the more economical path over five or more years.
If the reaction happened within 30 minutes of the injection and involves swelling of the face or muzzle, difficulty breathing, sudden collapse, pale or grey gums, or hives across the body — go to the nearest veterinary emergency clinic immediately. This is anaphylaxis, a medical emergency. Call ahead en route so they’re prepared. If the reaction is milder — quieter than usual, not eating well, some loose stool — monitor at home and call your regular vet in the morning if it hasn’t resolved within 24 hours. Always document exactly what happened and when — timing relative to the injection, what symptoms appeared, how long they lasted. That record is what your vet needs to decide whether the next injection should be approached differently, pre-treated with antihistamines, or avoided entirely. A single mild reaction doesn’t automatically mean Cytopoint is wrong for your dog, but the decision should be made with full information rather than guessing.
This is a completely reasonable starting point, and there are genuinely effective complementary strategies worth trying before committing to ongoing injections. Identifying and reducing allergen exposure is the most meaningful one: a HEPA air filter in the rooms where your dog sleeps, regular vacuuming of soft surfaces, wiping the paws and belly after outdoor walks during pollen season, and bathing every 1 to 2 weeks with a veterinary-formulated shampoo to remove surface allergens and restore the skin barrier have real evidence behind them. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation (fish oil at appropriate veterinary dosing) supports skin barrier integrity and can reduce inflammatory signaling modestly. Antihistamines, despite widespread use, have limited evidence of meaningful effect in dogs with atopic dermatitis — canine histamine receptors play a less central role in their itch pathway than they do in humans. Discuss these options with your vet to find the combination that works before escalating to an injection, especially if the allergy is mild or seasonal.
Any dog can develop atopic dermatitis — mixed-breed dogs are not exempt. But certain breeds carry a well-documented genetic predisposition that makes them significantly more likely to need long-term management, including Cytopoint.
Both breeds sit at the top of every published list of atopy-prone dogs. Research from multiple institutions has confirmed strong heritability in Labs and Goldens — heritability estimates from UK studies suggest a meaningful genetic component, meaning dogs from atopic parents face substantially elevated odds. Golden Retrievers in particular have a dense double coat that traps allergens against the skin, compounding exposure. Atopy in these breeds typically begins between 1 and 3 years of age and is often year-round rather than purely seasonal. If you own or plan to own a Golden or Lab, enrolling in pet insurance before 12 months of age — before any skin symptoms appear — is genuinely worth considering.
Brachycephalic breeds — those with flattened faces and compressed anatomy — face a compounded challenge with atopy. Their skin folds create warm, moist environments where bacteria and yeast thrive, producing itch from a second source alongside the environmental allergen response. A French Bulldog with atopy may be itchy because of IL-31, because of a concurrent yeast infection in a fold, or both simultaneously. Cytopoint addresses the IL-31 pathway but will not clear the fold infection — these dogs often need both treatments in combination. Frenchies and Bulldogs are increasingly among the most common atopy presentations at dermatology referrals, partly because of their rising popularity and partly because of their genetics.
Multiple terrier breeds carry elevated atopy risk, with Westies among the most consistently cited in veterinary literature. West Highland White Terriers are so frequently affected that atopic dermatitis is sometimes called “Westie itch” colloquially. Staffies often develop full-body skin involvement and are known for severe presentations. Terriers tend to be stoic about discomfort, which means by the time owners notice significant scratching, the skin may already be heavily inflamed and secondary infection may have begun. Early intervention pays off more in this group than in many others.
German Shepherds commonly develop allergic dermatitis starting around age 2 to 3 and often present with chronic ear infections as a key symptom alongside skin itch — a combination that suggests atopy when both occur together. Shar Peis have breed-specific skin biology that creates barrier dysfunction similar to what’s seen in human eczema patients, making them particularly sensitive to environmental allergens. Shih Tzus and Poodles, while often considered low-allergen shedders for humans, have their own elevated susceptibility to canine atopic dermatitis. A dog’s allergenicity to humans and its own risk for atopy are entirely separate questions.
One of the most common conversations in veterinary dermatology: a dog who responded well for several months starts needing injections sooner and sooner, or stops responding entirely. There’s usually a diagnosable reason — and often a solution.
Cytopoint blocks the IL-31 itch signal, but bacterial and yeast infections generate itch through entirely different inflammatory pathways that IL-31 neutralization doesn’t touch. A dog whose injection used to last 8 weeks but now seems to wear off at 4 weeks often has a skin infection developing in the background — one that’s not obvious on a casual look at home, but visible to a vet examining the skin with magnification. This is the single most common reason for apparent treatment failure in clinical practice. Before assuming the medication has stopped working, have the skin evaluated for infection at the next visit. Treating the infection frequently restores the previous level of Cytopoint effectiveness.
Cytopoint was calibrated at the time of the original dose to handle the allergen load the dog was experiencing. Pollen counts don’t stay constant. A dog whose injection lasted comfortably through a mild spring may scratch through the same dose during peak pollen season in a high-count year. Moving to a new home, adding a different carpet, or the growth of mold after wet weather can all increase allergen exposure beyond what a dose calibrated for previous conditions can offset. This is not medication failure — it’s a changed equation. The solution may be a shorter dosing interval during high-allergen months, an environmental allergen control strategy at home, or adding a short course of a secondary medication during peak periods.
A small percentage of dogs — estimated at 2.5% or fewer in clinical trial data — develop antibodies against lokivetmab itself. These anti-drug antibodies neutralize the medication before it can bind IL-31, progressively shortening the duration of effect. The clinical signature is distinctive: response interval shortens incrementally over several doses (8 weeks to 6 to 4 to 2 to none), rather than suddenly dropping. If this is suspected, switching to a mechanistically different therapy — Apoquel, Zenrelia, or cyclosporine — will likely restore control, because those work through entirely different pathways the anti-drug antibodies can’t block. Befrena, the new IL-31 antibody from Elanco, may or may not cross-react with the same antibodies — that data isn’t yet available.
If Cytopoint helped significantly at first and the response diminished — or if it never helped much even from injection one — the underlying cause of itch may not be IL-31-driven. Hypothyroidism produces skin changes and itch in dogs. Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s disease) does as well. Sarcoptic mange produces intense itch that’s entirely parasite-driven, not allergen-driven. A food allergy elimination trial may never have been properly conducted. A thorough diagnostic workup — including thyroid panel, skin scraping, food trial history, and bloodwork — occasionally reveals a treatable underlying condition that was producing itch alongside or instead of atopic dermatitis. Cytopoint is an effective tool for a specific mechanism; it can’t compensate if the mechanism causing the problem is different.
This guide is for general informational purposes and does not constitute veterinary medical advice. The information presented reflects current clinical understanding and U.S. veterinary practice standards as of publication. Drug efficacy, side effect profiles, pricing, and treatment options may change as new data emerges. Individual dogs may respond differently from published averages. Decisions about medication for your dog should be made in consultation with a licensed veterinarian who has examined your animal and reviewed its full medical history. All content is original; no portion may be reproduced without permission. Cytopoint® and Zoetis® are registered trademarks of Zoetis Inc. Apoquel® is a registered trademark of Zoetis Inc. Befrena® is a registered trademark of Elanco Animal Health.