Apoquel Dosing Chart for Dogs 💊🐶
Apoquel (Oclacitinib) is a powerful medication used to control itching (pruritus) and inflammation associated with allergic skin diseases like atopic dermatitis in dogs. It works by targeting specific immune responses that cause itching, giving your dog quick relief. The proper dosing of Apoquel is crucial for its effectiveness and safety.
Key Takeaways on Apoquel Dosage for Dogs:
- What is Apoquel used for? Apoquel helps control itching and inflammation caused by allergies, including atopic dermatitis.
- How is the dose determined? The dose is calculated based on your dog’s weight and is administered twice daily for 14 days and then reduced to once daily.
- What are the side effects? Some common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, and potential immunosuppression with long-term use.
- Can all dogs take Apoquel? It’s safe for most adult dogs but should be avoided in puppies under 12 months, and dogs with serious infections or immune system issues.
📊 Apoquel Dosing Chart for Dogs by Weight
Apoquel is dosed based on your dog’s weight. The standard dosing is 0.4–0.6 mg per kilogram of body weight, given twice daily for 14 days and then reduced to once daily for maintenance. Here’s a simple breakdown of the dosing chart:
| Dog’s Weight (lbs) | Dog’s Weight (kg) | Dosage 🐶💊 |
|---|---|---|
| 6.6 to 9.9 | 3 to 4.5 | 1/2 tablet of 3.6 mg |
| 10 to 14.9 | 4.5 to 6.8 | 1/2 tablet of 5.4 mg |
| 15 to 19.9 | 6.8 to 9 | 1 tablet of 3.6 mg |
| 20 to 29.9 | 9 to 13.6 | 1 tablet of 5.4 mg |
| 30 to 44.9 | 13.6 to 20.4 | 1/2 tablet of 16 mg |
| 45 to 53.9 | 20.4 to 24.5 | 1/2 tablet of 16 mg + 1/2 tablet of 3.6 mg |
| 54 to 59.9 | 24.5 to 27.2 | 1/2 tablet of 16 mg + 1/2 tablet of 5.4 mg |
| 60 to 89.9 | 27.2 to 40.8 | 1 tablet of 16 mg |
| 90 to 129.9 | 40.8 to 59 | 1 1/2 tablets of 16 mg |
| 130 to 175.9 | 59 to 79.8 | 2 tablets of 16 mg |
💡 Pro Tip: Always follow your vet’s dosing instructions precisely. If you miss a dose, do not double up—just give the next dose at the scheduled time.
🚨 What Are the Potential Side Effects of Apoquel in Dogs?
While Apoquel is generally well-tolerated by most dogs, there are some side effects to be aware of:
- Gastrointestinal Issues: The most common side effects include vomiting and diarrhea, especially during the initial phase of treatment.
- Increased Susceptibility to Infections: Apoquel can suppress the immune system, which may lead to an increased risk of infections, particularly skin infections and urinary tract infections.
- Lethargy: Some dogs may experience tiredness or lack of energy during treatment.
- Neurological Symptoms: In rare cases, dogs may develop neurological symptoms such as tremors or seizures.
- Tumor Development: Long-term use may be associated with an increased risk of tumor development, although this is rare.
💡 Pro Tip: If your dog experiences persistent vomiting, diarrhea, or signs of an infection, consult your vet immediately. Long-term use of Apoquel requires regular veterinary checkups to monitor for potential side effects.
🕑 How Quickly Does Apoquel Work?
Apoquel is fast-acting, with most dogs showing significant relief from itching within 4 to 24 hours of the first dose. Here’s a more detailed look at how quickly you can expect to see results:
- Within 24 Hours: You’ll likely notice a significant reduction in itching and scratching within the first 24 hours of starting treatment. This rapid action makes Apoquel ideal for dogs suffering from acute itching.
- Long-Term Management: For dogs with chronic conditions like atopic dermatitis, you should see continued improvement in skin health and reduced flare-ups as treatment progresses. Maintenance doses help keep itching and inflammation under control for the long term.
💡 Pro Tip: If your dog’s itching persists beyond 48 hours of starting Apoquel, or if symptoms worsen, reach out to your vet. They may need to adjust the dosage or consider other underlying issues.
❓ When Should Apoquel Not Be Used?
Apoquel is effective for many dogs, but it’s not suitable for every situation. Here’s when you should avoid using Apoquel:
- Puppies Under 12 Months: Apoquel is not recommended for puppies younger than 12 months due to concerns about its effect on the developing immune system.
- Dogs with Serious Infections: Because Apoquel can suppress immune responses, it should not be used in dogs with serious infections or those undergoing treatment for infections like bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infections.
- Dogs with Cancer: Apoquel may increase the risk of developing tumors in some dogs, particularly those with a history of cancer or tumor growth. Always inform your vet if your dog has a history of cancer before starting Apoquel.
💡 Pro Tip: If your dog has a history of immune system issues or frequent infections, talk to your vet about alternative treatment options for managing allergies and itching.
💡 Tips for Administering Apoquel to Your Dog
Administering medication can sometimes be challenging, especially if your dog is a picky eater or sensitive to pills. Here are a few tips to make the process easier:
- Hide in Food: Use pill pockets, or hide the tablet in a small piece of cheese or peanut butter. Be sure your dog swallows the pill and doesn’t spit it out.
- Administer with Meals: Giving Apoquel with food can help reduce the risk of nausea or vomiting, making it more tolerable for your dog.
- Use Pill Splitters: If your dog requires a smaller dose, use a pill splitter to ensure precise dosing.
- Liquid Formulation: If your dog refuses tablets, ask your vet if a compounded liquid form of Apoquel is available. This can make dosing easier, particularly for smaller dogs.
💡 Pro Tip: Administer Apoquel at the same time each day to maintain consistent levels of the medication in your dog’s system. Set a daily reminder or use a pill organizer to avoid missed doses.
🗝️ Key Takeaways for Apoquel Dosing:
- Fast Relief: Apoquel offers relief from itching within 24 hours and can be used long-term to manage chronic conditions like atopic dermatitis.
- Dosing Schedule: Administer twice daily for 14 days, then reduce to once daily for maintenance, based on your dog’s weight.
- Side Effects: Common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, and increased risk of infections. Always monitor for unusual symptoms.
- Not for Puppies or Dogs with Infections: Avoid using Apoquel in dogs under 12 months or those with serious infections.
By following the correct dosing and monitoring for side effects, Apoquel can provide significant relief for dogs suffering from allergies and chronic itching. Always work with your vet to ensure the best results for your dog’s specific needs.
Comment: “Can I use Apoquel for my puppy who is under 12 months old?”
No, Apoquel is not recommended for puppies under 12 months old. The primary reason for this is that a puppy’s immune system is still developing during its first year of life, and Apoquel’s mechanism of action involves suppressing parts of the immune response. Using an immunosuppressive medication like Apoquel in a young dog could potentially interfere with normal immune development and may increase the risk of infections or other health complications.
Here’s why Apoquel isn’t suitable for puppies under 12 months:
- Immune System Impact: Apoquel targets certain proteins involved in the immune response (specifically, Janus kinase enzymes), which are responsible for signaling inflammation and itching. In a puppy, whose immune system is still growing and learning to fight off pathogens, this immune suppression could leave them more vulnerable to infections, both skin-related and systemic.
- Increased Risk of Infections: Puppies are already at a higher risk of parasitic and bacterial infections. Since Apoquel can dampen the immune system’s ability to respond to these threats, using it in puppies can potentially lead to more frequent or severe infections.
- Alternatives for Young Dogs: If your puppy is suffering from allergies or itching, talk to your vet about safer alternatives. Many veterinarians recommend antihistamines, topical treatments, or even dietary changes to help manage itching in younger dogs. These treatments can provide relief without compromising immune development.
💡 Pro Tip: Always consult with your vet before giving any medications to puppies. They can help you explore safer options, such as omega-3 supplements, moisturizing shampoos, or prescription diets designed to manage allergy symptoms.
Comment: “What should I do if my dog misses a dose of Apoquel?”
If your dog misses a dose of Apoquel, don’t worry—it’s easy to get back on track without any major disruptions to their treatment plan. Here’s what you should do:
- Give the Missed Dose as Soon as You Remember: If you realize that you missed a dose and it’s not too close to the next scheduled dose, give the missed dose immediately. This helps maintain the therapeutic levels of the medication in your dog’s system, keeping the itching and inflammation under control.
- Skip the Missed Dose If It’s Close to the Next One: If it’s already close to the time for the next scheduled dose (within a few hours), skip the missed dose and resume the regular dosing schedule. Never give two doses at once to make up for a missed one, as this could increase the risk of side effects such as vomiting or diarrhea.
- Establish a Routine: To avoid missing doses in the future, try to establish a consistent routine for administering Apoquel. Giving it at the same time each day—such as during meals—makes it easier to remember. You can also set reminders on your phone or use a pill organizer to keep track of doses.
💡 Pro Tip: Missing a single dose of Apoquel typically won’t lead to a major relapse of symptoms, but if you miss multiple doses, you might see an increase in itching or inflammation. If that happens, consult your vet—they can advise whether to adjust the dosing schedule or make other modifications.
Comment: “Can Apoquel be used for long-term treatment, and what are the risks?”
Yes, Apoquel can be used for long-term treatment of chronic conditions like atopic dermatitis, but long-term use does come with some potential risks that need to be monitored closely. Apoquel is generally prescribed for dogs who experience chronic itching and inflammation related to allergies, and many dogs require daily doses to maintain comfort. Here’s what you need to know about the long-term use of Apoquel:
- Ongoing Effectiveness: Unlike some medications that lose effectiveness over time, Apoquel continues to work well for most dogs when used long-term. Many pet owners find that their dog’s itching and inflammation remain well-controlled with continued use, making it a highly effective option for managing chronic skin conditions.
- Immune Suppression Risks: The most significant risk of long-term Apoquel use is its immunosuppressive properties. By dampening the immune response, Apoquel can make your dog more susceptible to infections. Regular monitoring for signs of infection—such as skin lesions, recurrent ear infections, or frequent urinary tract infections—is important when your dog is on Apoquel for an extended period.
- Tumor Development: There is also some evidence to suggest that long-term Apoquel use may increase the risk of tumor development, particularly in dogs that already have a history of cancer or are predisposed to it. Although this risk is considered low, it’s something to discuss with your vet, especially if your dog has had previous cancerous growths.
- Regular Vet Checkups: Dogs on long-term Apoquel therapy should have regular checkups with their veterinarian to monitor their overall health, immune function, and skin condition. Bloodwork may be recommended periodically to ensure that there are no underlying issues developing, particularly related to liver function and blood cell counts.
💡 Pro Tip: If your dog is on long-term Apoquel, consider integrating dietary support such as omega-3 fatty acids or supplements that support immune function to help maintain a healthy balance. Speak to your vet about complementary treatments that can reduce reliance on Apoquel or mitigate the risks associated with long-term use.
Comment: “What are the differences between Apoquel and Cytopoint, and how do I choose the best one for my dog?”
Both Apoquel and Cytopoint are popular treatments for managing itching and inflammation in dogs with allergies or atopic dermatitis, but they work in different ways. Deciding which one is best for your dog depends on several factors, including your dog’s specific condition, their age, and how frequently they need treatment.
Here’s a breakdown of the key differences:
- Mechanism of Action: Apoquel works by blocking specific enzymes (Janus kinase enzymes) involved in the immune system’s inflammatory response. It targets multiple pathways related to itching and inflammation. On the other hand, Cytopoint is a biologic therapy (an antibody injection) that specifically targets and neutralizes a single protein (IL-31) responsible for sending itch signals to the brain.
- Speed and Duration of Action: Apoquel is fast-acting, often reducing itching within 4 to 24 hours, and needs to be given daily. Cytopoint, in contrast, is administered as an injection every 4 to 8 weeks and begins to work within 1 to 2 days. Cytopoint’s long-lasting effects make it more convenient for owners who don’t want to administer daily medications.
- Safety Profile: Apoquel is not recommended for dogs under 12 months or those with a history of cancer, and it has immunosuppressive effects that require monitoring for infections. Cytopoint is often considered a safer option, especially for puppies or dogs with weakened immune systems, because it does not suppress the immune system in the same way that Apoquel does.
- Which to Choose?: Apoquel may be the better option if your dog needs fast relief from itching and has not responded well to other treatments. It’s also useful for short-term control of allergic flare-ups. Cytopoint is ideal for dogs who need long-term management and prefer less frequent dosing, as well as for puppies and dogs with chronic skin conditions that need ongoing control without the risks associated with immune suppression.
💡 Pro Tip: Some dogs benefit from a combination of both treatments, using Apoquel during acute flare-ups and Cytopoint for long-term control. Work with your vet to determine the best plan based on your dog’s needs and overall health.
Comment: “Can Apoquel be given with other medications, or are there any interactions I should worry about?”
Yes, Apoquel can be given alongside many other medications, but it’s always important to inform your vet about all drugs and supplements your dog is taking to avoid potential interactions. Apoquel is generally considered safe to use with common medications such as antibiotics, antihistamines, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but there are a few considerations:
- Steroids: Apoquel can be used with steroids in certain situations, such as during an acute allergic flare-up. However, because both steroids and Apoquel suppress the immune system, combining them for long periods can increase the risk of infections. Your vet may recommend using steroids for short-term relief and transitioning to Apoquel for longer-term control once the acute phase has passed.
- Vaccinations: Since Apoquel suppresses the immune response to a degree, some vets prefer to avoid giving vaccines while a dog is on Apoquel, especially if the dog is being vaccinated for the first time or receiving a live vaccine. Always discuss the timing of vaccinations with your vet if your dog is on Apoquel.
- Immune-Boosting Supplements: If your dog is taking immune-boosting supplements, such as probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, or vitamin E, these generally complement Apoquel and can help mitigate some of the immune-suppressive effects by supporting overall immune health.
💡 Pro Tip: Before adding any new medications or supplements to your dog’s routine, consult your vet to ensure they won’t interfere with Apoquel. Your vet can also adjust the dosing or timing of Apoquel if needed to minimize the risk of interactions.
Comment: “How long can my dog stay on Apoquel, and are there any risks of long-term use?”
Apoquel can be used long-term for chronic conditions like atopic dermatitis, but there are some risks that come with extended use, which need to be monitored closely. Here’s what you need to know about keeping your dog on Apoquel for an extended period:
- Immune Suppression: Apoquel works by suppressing part of the immune system to prevent the inflammatory response that leads to itching. Over the long term, this immune suppression can make your dog more susceptible to infections, especially skin infections or urinary tract infections. Regular vet checkups are crucial to detect any early signs of infection and to adjust treatment if needed.
- Tumor Development Risk: Some studies suggest that dogs on Apoquel for long periods may have a slightly increased risk of tumor development. While this risk is relatively low, it’s particularly relevant if your dog has a history of cancer. If your dog is prone to lumps or growths, your vet may recommend more frequent monitoring or alternative treatments.
- Liver and Kidney Function: Although uncommon, there’s a potential for long-term use of Apoquel to impact liver or kidney function. Routine blood tests during regular vet visits can help ensure that your dog’s liver and kidneys are functioning properly and that there are no hidden issues caused by long-term medication use.
- Balancing Treatment: For dogs that require long-term itch control, vets often recommend using Apoquel in combination with other therapies, such as omega-3 supplements for skin health or dietary changes to reduce the allergens your dog is exposed to. This can help minimize the required dose of Apoquel, potentially reducing long-term risks.
💡 Pro Tip: If your dog is on Apoquel for an extended period, work with your vet to ensure regular health checkups and bloodwork to monitor for any potential side effects. A balanced diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and regular skin care can help reduce the need for high doses of medication.
Comment: “What’s the difference between Apoquel and Benadryl for treating my dog’s allergies?”
Both Apoquel and Benadryl are used to manage allergy symptoms in dogs, but they work in very different ways and have different levels of effectiveness depending on the type and severity of the allergies.
Here’s a detailed breakdown of how they compare:
- Mechanism of Action: Benadryl (diphenhydramine) is an antihistamine, which works by blocking the histamine receptors responsible for allergic reactions. It’s best suited for mild environmental allergies and can help with symptoms like itchy skin or watery eyes. However, Benadryl is not as effective for more complex or chronic conditions like atopic dermatitis, which involves multiple inflammatory pathways. Apoquel, on the other hand, directly targets the immune signals that cause itching and inflammation, providing more comprehensive relief for dogs with moderate to severe allergies.
- Speed and Duration of Effectiveness: Benadryl may take 30 minutes to an hour to start working and often only provides temporary relief, typically lasting about 4 to 6 hours. Dogs with persistent or intense itching may need multiple doses throughout the day. Apoquel, in contrast, usually provides relief within 4 to 24 hours and is administered either once or twice daily for continuous control of symptoms.
- Side Effects: Benadryl is known for causing drowsiness, which may be useful if your dog is having trouble sleeping due to itching but can also leave them lethargic. Apoquel generally doesn’t cause drowsiness, but its potential side effects—especially with long-term use—include immune suppression, which can increase the risk of infections. Benadryl does not suppress the immune system, making it a safer choice for dogs with compromised immune function.
- Suitability for Chronic Allergies: For dogs with mild, seasonal allergies, Benadryl may be a sufficient and inexpensive option. However, for dogs with chronic or severe allergies, particularly those associated with atopic dermatitis, Apoquel is a far more effective long-term solution.
💡 Pro Tip: Benadryl is a good over-the-counter option for short-term relief of mild allergies, but if your dog’s itching persists or becomes more severe, consult your vet about switching to Apoquel or another prescription allergy medication for better, more consistent control.
Comment: “Can Apoquel be given to a dog with other conditions like arthritis or liver disease?”
Apoquel can be given to dogs with certain conditions, but there are some important considerations, especially if your dog has arthritis or liver disease. Always consult your vet before starting Apoquel if your dog has pre-existing health concerns.
- Arthritis: Apoquel is often safe to use alongside nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) commonly prescribed for arthritis, such as Carprofen or Meloxicam. In fact, Apoquel can help alleviate some of the discomfort that comes with the itching and skin inflammation that might exacerbate joint pain. However, since both NSAIDs and Apoquel have the potential to stress the kidneys and liver (especially if used long-term), your vet will likely recommend periodic bloodwork to monitor liver and kidney function.
- Liver Disease: Dogs with pre-existing liver conditions need to be monitored more closely when taking Apoquel. Since Apoquel is processed by the liver, dogs with compromised liver function may have a harder time metabolizing the drug, which can lead to an increased risk of side effects. In some cases, your vet may lower the dose or explore alternative treatments that are gentler on the liver.
- Other Medications: If your dog is on multiple medications, including those for arthritis or liver disease, it’s essential that your vet evaluates any potential interactions. For example, if your dog is taking steroids or other immunosuppressants, your vet may need to adjust the Apoquel dosage to avoid over-suppressing the immune system.
💡 Pro Tip: If your dog has both arthritis and allergies, you may want to ask your vet about incorporating omega-3 supplements into their diet. Omega-3s can help with both skin health and joint inflammation, potentially reducing the need for high doses of Apoquel and NSAIDs.
Comment: “How soon should I expect to see improvement after starting my dog on Apoquel?”
Apoquel is known for its rapid action against itching and inflammation, which is one of the reasons it’s a favorite among veterinarians and pet owners alike. Here’s a closer look at what you can expect when starting Apoquel:
- Within 4 Hours: Many dogs begin to show relief from itching within the first 4 to 24 hours after the initial dose. You may notice your dog scratching less, biting or licking their paws less frequently, or generally appearing more comfortable.
- 24 to 48 Hours: By the second day of treatment, most dogs show a significant reduction in itching. While the intensity of the itching may not completely disappear at first, you should see a clear decrease in the severity of their symptoms.
- First Week: After a week of consistent dosing, your dog’s skin should begin to heal from any irritation or inflammation caused by scratching. You may notice fewer hot spots, less redness, and a general improvement in skin and coat health.
- Long-Term Maintenance: For dogs with chronic allergic conditions, long-term use of Apoquel helps maintain control over itching and skin inflammation. After the initial 14-day twice-daily dosing phase, the once-daily maintenance dose keeps symptoms in check for the long run, reducing flare-ups and allowing your dog’s skin to fully recover.
💡 Pro Tip: If you don’t see any improvement in your dog’s itching within 48 hours of starting Apoquel, or if symptoms worsen, contact your vet. They may need to adjust the dose or investigate other underlying causes of itching that Apoquel might not address, such as food allergies or secondary infections.
